Publication:
The Environmental Implications of Russia's Accession to the World Trade Organization

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dc.contributor.authorBohringer, Christoph
dc.contributor.authorRutherford, Thomas F.
dc.contributor.authorTarr, David G.
dc.contributor.authorTurdyeva, Natalia
dc.date.accessioned2014-08-15T16:58:20Z
dc.date.available2014-08-15T16:58:20Z
dc.date.issued2014-06
dc.description.abstractThis report investigates the environmental impacts of Russia's accession to the World Trade Organization. A 10-region, 30-sector model of the Russian economy is developed. The model is innovative and more accurate empirically in that it contains foreign direct investment, imperfectly competitive sectors, and endogenous productivity effects triggered by World Trade Organization accession along with environmental emissions data in Russia for seven pollutants that are tracked for all 30 sectors in each of the 10 regions. The decomposition analysis shows that despite the fact that World Trade Organization accession allows Russia to import better technologies and reduce pollution from the "technique effect," on balance World Trade Organization accession alone will increase environmental pollution in Russia through a shift toward dirty industries (the "composition effect") and the expansion of output with its associated increase in pollution ("scale effect"). The paper assesses the costs of three types of environmental regulations to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 20 percent. The paper simultaneously implements a central case scenario with each of the carbon dioxide emission reduction policy initiatives. The analysis finds that the welfare gains of World Trade Organization accession are large enough to pay for the costs of any of the three environmental abatement policies, while leaving a net welfare gain. But the political economy implications are that the non-market-based policies are more costly and the command and control policy, which is not well targeted, is very costly. Based on a constant returns to scale model, the estimated welfare gains are insufficient to finance the costs of environmental regulation.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/06/19750328/environmental-implications-russias-accession-world-trade-organization
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-6957
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/19365
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank Group, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper;No. 6957
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectABATEMENT
dc.subjectABATEMENT POLICIES
dc.subjectADVERSE IMPACT
dc.subjectAGGREGATE EMISSIONS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectAIR
dc.subjectAIR POLLUTION
dc.subjectANNUAL EMISSIONS
dc.subjectBASE YEAR
dc.subjectBENCHMARK
dc.subjectBILATERAL TRADE
dc.subjectCALCULATION
dc.subjectCARBON
dc.subjectCARBON CONTENT
dc.subjectCARBON DIOXIDE
dc.subjectCARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION
dc.subjectCARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS
dc.subjectCARBON DIOXIDE REDUCTION
dc.subjectCARBON EMISSION
dc.subjectCARBON EMISSIONS
dc.subjectCARBON MONOXIDE
dc.subjectCARBON TAXES
dc.subjectCENTRAL BANK
dc.subjectCHEMICALS
dc.subjectCLEANER ENVIRONMENT
dc.subjectCLEANER TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subjectCLIMATE
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectCLIMATE POLICY
dc.subjectCO
dc.subjectCO2
dc.subjectCOAL
dc.subjectCOAL GENERATION
dc.subjectCOAL PRODUCTION
dc.subjectCOMBUSTION
dc.subjectCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
dc.subjectCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVE MARKETS
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVENESS
dc.subjectCONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE
dc.subjectCONSUMERS
dc.subjectCRUDE OIL
dc.subjectDECREASE IN EMISSIONS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subjectECONOMETRIC ESTIMATES
dc.subjectECONOMIC COSTS
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS
dc.subjectECONOMIC OBJECTIVES
dc.subjectECONOMIC WELFARE
dc.subjectECONOMICS
dc.subjectECONOMIES OF SCALE
dc.subjectELASTICITIES
dc.subjectELASTICITY
dc.subjectELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION
dc.subjectELECTRICITY
dc.subjectELECTRICITY GENERATION
dc.subjectELECTRICITY SECTOR
dc.subjectEMISSION CONTROL
dc.subjectEMISSION INTENSITIES
dc.subjectEMISSION INTENSITY
dc.subjectEMISSION LEVELS
dc.subjectEMISSION REDUCTION
dc.subjectEMISSION TRADING
dc.subjectEMISSION TRADING SYSTEM
dc.subjectEMISSIONS
dc.subjectEMISSIONS DATA
dc.subjectEMISSIONS INTENSITY
dc.subjectEMISSIONS OF POLLUTANTS
dc.subjectEMISSIONS REDUCTION
dc.subjectEMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
dc.subjectEMPIRICAL STUDIES
dc.subjectENERGY BALANCE
dc.subjectENERGY EFFICIENCY
dc.subjectENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDS
dc.subjectENERGY INTENSITY
dc.subjectENERGY MIX
dc.subjectENERGY SAVINGS
dc.subjectENERGY USE
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL EMISSIONS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
dc.subjectEQUILIBRIUM
dc.subjectEXCHANGE RATE
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectEXTERNALITY
dc.subjectFEASIBILITY
dc.subjectFERROUS METALS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SERVICES
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectFIXED COSTS
dc.subjectFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFOSSIL FUEL
dc.subjectFOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION
dc.subjectFOSSIL FUEL USE
dc.subjectFOSSIL FUELS
dc.subjectFREE TRADE
dc.subjectFUEL EFFICIENCY
dc.subjectFUEL SUBSTITUTION
dc.subjectFUEL SWITCHING
dc.subjectGAS
dc.subjectGAS PRODUCTION
dc.subjectGAS SECTOR
dc.subjectGASES
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSES
dc.subjectGENERATION CAPACITY
dc.subjectGHG
dc.subjectGREENER PRODUCTION
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE GAS
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION REDUCTION
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
dc.subjectHYDROCARBONS
dc.subjectIMPERFECT COMPETITION
dc.subjectIMPORT PRICES
dc.subjectIMPORTS
dc.subjectINCREASING RETURNS
dc.subjectINCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE
dc.subjectINEFFICIENCY
dc.subjectINPUT USE
dc.subjectINSURANCE
dc.subjectINSURANCE COMPANIES
dc.subjectINTERMEDIATE INPUTS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectMARGINAL COST
dc.subjectMARGINAL COSTS
dc.subjectMARGINAL REVENUE
dc.subjectMARKET POWER
dc.subjectMETALS
dc.subjectMONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION
dc.subjectMONOPOLY
dc.subjectMUTUAL FUND
dc.subjectNATIONAL OUTPUT
dc.subjectNATURAL GAS
dc.subjectNATURAL GAS USE
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectNEGATIVE IMPACT
dc.subjectNEGATIVE IMPACTS
dc.subjectNEW PLANTS
dc.subjectNITROGEN
dc.subjectNITROGEN OXIDE
dc.subjectNOX
dc.subjectOIL
dc.subjectOIL PRODUCTION
dc.subjectOIL PRODUCTS
dc.subjectOPEN ECONOMY
dc.subjectOPTIMIZATION
dc.subjectPARTICULATE
dc.subjectPARTICULATE MATTER
dc.subjectPER CAPITA INCOME
dc.subjectPETROCHEMICAL PRODUCTS
dc.subjectPETROCHEMICALS
dc.subjectPOLICY IMPLICATIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY MAKERS
dc.subjectPOLICY SCENARIO
dc.subjectPOLICY SCENARIOS
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectPOLLUTION
dc.subjectPOLLUTION PROBLEMS
dc.subjectPOWER GENERATION
dc.subjectPRICE ELASTICITIES
dc.subjectPRICE IMPACTS
dc.subjectPRICE TAKERS
dc.subjectPRODUCERS
dc.subjectPRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION
dc.subjectPRODUCTION FUNCTION
dc.subjectPRODUCTION PROCESSES
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVE RESOURCES
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPUBLIC EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER
dc.subjectRAW MATERIALS
dc.subjectRECYCLING
dc.subjectREFINED OIL
dc.subjectREFINERIES
dc.subjectRESOURCE ALLOCATION
dc.subjectRESOURCE USE
dc.subjectSCALE EFFECT
dc.subjectSECURITIES
dc.subjectSO2
dc.subjectSULFUR
dc.subjectSULFUR DIOXIDE
dc.subjectSULPHUR
dc.subjectSULPHUR DIOXIDE
dc.subjectSUPPLY CURVES
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectTAX RATES
dc.subjectTELECOMMUNICATIONS
dc.subjectTERMS OF TRADE
dc.subjectTOTAL EMISSIONS
dc.subjectTOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectTOTAL OUTPUT
dc.subjectTRADABLE EMISSION
dc.subjectTRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectTRADE POLICIES
dc.subjectTRADE POLICY
dc.subjectTRADE REFORMS
dc.subjectTRADE SYSTEM
dc.subjectURBAN POPULATION
dc.subjectURUGUAY ROUND
dc.subjectVALUE OF OUTPUT
dc.subjectWELFARE GAINS
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectWTO
dc.titleThe Environmental Implications of Russia's Accession to the World Trade Organizationen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaClimate Change
okr.crossref.titleThe Environmental Implications of Russia's Accession to the World Trade Organization
okr.date.disclosure2014-07-01
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T11:13:31.674542Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/06/19750328/environmental-implications-russias-accession-world-trade-organization
okr.globalpracticeMacroeconomics and Fiscal Management
okr.globalpracticeEnvironment and Natural Resources
okr.globalpracticeEnergy and Extractives
okr.guid865131468307170847
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-6957
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20140630165636
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum19750328
okr.identifier.reportWPS6957
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2014/06/30/000158349_20140630165636/Rendered/PDF/WPS6957.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeEurope and Central Asia
okr.region.countryRussian Federation
okr.topicEnvironment::Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Climate Change Economics
okr.topicEconomic Theory and Research
okr.topicEnvironment::Environment and Energy Efficiency
okr.topicEnvironmental Economics and Policies
okr.unitSustainable Development Department, Europe and Central Asia Region
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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