Publication:
Changing Wage Structure in India in the Post-Reform Era: 1993-2011

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dc.contributor.authorJacoby, Hanan G.
dc.contributor.authorDasgupta, Basab
dc.date.accessioned2015-11-04T22:42:24Z
dc.date.available2015-11-04T22:42:24Z
dc.date.issued2015-09
dc.description.abstractThis paper documents the changing structure of wages in India over the post-reform era, the roughly two-decade period since 1993. To investigate the factors underlying these changes, a supply-demand framework is applied at the level of the Indian state. While real wages have risen across India over the past two decades, the increase has been greater in rural areas and, especially, for unskilled workers. The analysis finds that, in rural areas, the changing wage structure has been driven largely by relative supply factors, such as increased overall education levels and falling female labor force participation. Relative wage changes between rural and urban areas have been driven largely by shifts in employment, notably into unskilled-intensive sectors like construction.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/09/25094714/changing-wage-structure-india-post-reform-era-1993-2011
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/22849
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper;No. 7426
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectJOBS
dc.subjectSKILL‐UPGRADING
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectRURAL DIVIDE
dc.subjectPRODUCTION
dc.subjectLAGS
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT SHARE
dc.subjectPREVIOUS SECTION
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectSERVICE SECTOR
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectWAGE‐EARNER
dc.subjectBASE‐YEAR
dc.subjectRURAL LABOR MARKETS
dc.subjectGROUP WORKERS
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectINFORMATION
dc.subjectELASTICITY
dc.subjectPOST-REFORM
dc.subjectWELFARE
dc.subjectJOB
dc.subjectEFFECTS
dc.subjectWAGE INCREASES
dc.subjectLABOR ECONOMICS
dc.subjectVARIABLES
dc.subjectPAYING JOBS
dc.subjectRURAL LABOR
dc.subjectINPUTS
dc.subjectRETAIL TRADE
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectREAL WAGES
dc.subjectSOCIAL PROGRAMS
dc.subjectASSOCIATIONS
dc.subjectMEASURES
dc.subjectWAGE GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC ANALYSIS
dc.subjectTRENDS
dc.subjectDRIVERS
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL WAGE
dc.subjectPUBLIC‐WORKS
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectEARNINGS INEQUALITY
dc.subjectURBAN EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectWAGE‐GROWTH
dc.subjectINDUSTRY WAGE
dc.subjectWORKER
dc.subjectSELF‐EMPLOYED
dc.subjectMARKETS
dc.subjectORGANIZATIONS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRICES
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVE MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR
dc.subjectPRODUCT
dc.subjectELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION
dc.subjectTOTAL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectRURAL SERVICES
dc.subjectRURAL WAGES
dc.subjectPUBLIC WORKS PROGRAM
dc.subjectFINANCE
dc.subjectREAL‐ WAGE
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR
dc.subjectWAGE GAINS
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectSKILL PREMIUM
dc.subjectPUBLIC‐ WORKS PROGRAM
dc.subjectGENERAL EQUILIBRIUM
dc.subjectRURAL COUNTERPARTS
dc.subjectWORKERS
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectDEFLATORS
dc.subjectECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET INTERVENTION
dc.subjectRURAL SECTOR
dc.subjectLABOR DEMAND
dc.subjectREAL WAGE
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISE
dc.subjectWAGE INEQUALITY
dc.subjectVALUE
dc.subjectRURAL FEMALE
dc.subjectCASUAL WORKERS
dc.subjectRURAL GROWTH
dc.subjectDEMAND
dc.subjectWAGE PREMIUM
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL SECTOR
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET OUTCOMES
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT GROWTH
dc.subjectRURAL
dc.subjectMEASUREMENT
dc.subjectRURAL WORKERS
dc.subjectMARKET
dc.subjectPUBLIC WORKS
dc.subjectTRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectRURAL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectPUBLIC‐WORKS PROGRAM
dc.subjectECONOMICS
dc.subjectPRODUCTION FUNCTION
dc.subjectPUBLIC‐ WORKS
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT IN AGRICULTURE
dc.subjectREGRESSION ANALYSIS
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE
dc.subjectINSURANCE
dc.subjectWAGE STRUCTURE
dc.subjectTRADE
dc.subjectSAFETY‐NET
dc.subjectGROWTH RATE
dc.subjectPOVERTY
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR FORCE
dc.subjectSUPPLY
dc.subjectLABOR SUPPLY
dc.subjectCONSUMER PRICE INDEX
dc.subjectUNSKILLED WORKERS
dc.subjectPOOR
dc.subjectFOOD PRICES
dc.subjectLABOR MARKETS
dc.subjectOUTCOMES
dc.subjectSAFETY
dc.subjectUNSKILLED LABOR
dc.subjectSELF‐EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectWAGE EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectLABOR SHARE
dc.subjectPRICES
dc.subjectMARKET WAGE
dc.subjectWAGE‐PREMIUM
dc.subjectINEQUALITY
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.titleChanging Wage Structure in India in the Post-Reform Eraen
dc.title.subtitle1993-2011en
dc.typeWorking Paperen
dc.typeDocument de travailfr
dc.typeDocumento de trabajoes
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.date.disclosure2015-09-28
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/09/25094714/changing-wage-structure-india-post-reform-era-1993-2011
okr.guid668751467996706516
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-7426
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum090224b08310aee4_1_0
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum25094714
okr.identifier.reportWPS7426
okr.importedtrue
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2015/09/28/090224b08310aee4/1_0/Rendered/PDF/Changing0wage00form0era000199302011.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeSouth Asia
okr.region.countryIndia
okr.topicLabor Policies
okr.topicLabor Markets
okr.topicMarkets and Market Access
okr.topicRural Poverty Reduction
okr.topicSocial Protections and Labor
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth
okr.topicPoverty Reduction
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Economic Theory & Research
okr.unitPoverty and Inequality Team, Development Research Group
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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