Publication:
World Bank Lending for Financial Inclusion: Lessons from Reviews of Select Projects

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dc.contributor.authorKumar, Anjali
dc.contributor.authorNarain, Sushma
dc.contributor.authorRubbani, Swizen
dc.date.accessioned2015-04-27T21:54:18Z
dc.date.available2015-04-27T21:54:18Z
dc.date.issued2015
dc.description.abstractThe purpose of the paper is to present a more granular view of such projects through the in-depth focus on a limited number of case studies, with a view to understanding what factors in the design of such lending have helped achieve objectives of expanded access, and what forms of interventions may have been less successful. It examines the nature of Bank lending vehicles, the partnering borrower institutions, the country environments in which its loans were extended, as well as broader elements of good practice that make for loan success. It examines the beneficiaries targeted and results achieved. It aims to draws lessons that suggest what factors could lead to success or failure in Bank operations focused on financial access. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows: section two briefly describes the set of the Bank s projects selected for detailed review. Sections three to six contain the core findings of the review. Section 3 focuses on alternative forms of borrower institutions that have served as vehicles for Bank projects, particularly, public sector banks, apex bank structures that include the private sector, rural banks, nonbanks, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and microfinance institutions, in terms of the degree to which the Bank has been able to successfully partner with such institutions to expand financial access. It also looks at alternative forms of Bank loan design, policy-based loans, investment loans and lines of credit, Learning and Innovation Loans (LILs), matching grants, technical assistance and combinations thereof, and reviews evidence on the role of loan structure (including partnerships with other donors/lenders) and project success. Section four considers the effect of the broader business environment, in terms of financial regulation. Section five reviews elements of good practice that have contributed to success in lending that could be applicable to loans with any objective, and examines their application in the present context. Section six tries to construct a bottom line, reviewing available evidence on outcomes and impact; especially in terms of the ultimate beneficiaries reached. Section seven, the final section, summarizes the main messages emerging from the review and concludes with observations about ways forward.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/01/24171436/world-bank-lending-financial-inclusion-lessons-reviews-select-projects
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/978-1-60244-257-3
dc.identifier.isbn978-1-60244-257-3
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/21796
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank Group, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesIEG working paper series;no. 2015/1
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectACCESS TO CREDIT
dc.subjectACCESS TO FINANCE
dc.subjectACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES
dc.subjectACCESS TO MARKET
dc.subjectACCOUNTABILITY
dc.subjectACCOUNTING
dc.subjectADMINISTRATIVE COSTS
dc.subjectAFFORDABLE FINANCIAL SERVICES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL BANK
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE BANK
dc.subjectAPEX BANK
dc.subjectAPEX BANKS
dc.subjectAUTONOMY
dc.subjectBANK ACCESS
dc.subjectBANK BORROWERS
dc.subjectBANK BRANCH
dc.subjectBANK BRANCHES
dc.subjectBANK CREDIT
dc.subjectBANK LENDING
dc.subjectBANK LOAN
dc.subjectBANKING SYSTEM
dc.subjectBANKS
dc.subjectBORROWER
dc.subjectBORROWING
dc.subjectBUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS
dc.subjectCAPACITY BUILDING
dc.subjectCAPITAL ADEQUACY
dc.subjectCENTRAL BANKS
dc.subjectCOLLATERAL
dc.subjectCOLLATERAL REQUIREMENTS
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL BANK
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL BANKS
dc.subjectCOMMUNITY BANK
dc.subjectCOMMUNITY BANKS
dc.subjectCONTRACT ENFORCEMENT
dc.subjectCOUNTERPART FUNDS
dc.subjectCREDIT BUREAU
dc.subjectCREDIT CONSTRAINTS
dc.subjectCREDIT DECISIONS
dc.subjectCREDIT DELIVERY
dc.subjectCREDIT HISTORIES
dc.subjectCREDIT INFORMATION
dc.subjectCREDIT INFORMATION SYSTEM
dc.subjectCREDIT LINE
dc.subjectCREDIT LINES
dc.subjectCREDIT PROGRAMS
dc.subjectCREDIT REGISTRIES
dc.subjectCREDIT RISK
dc.subjectCREDIT SCHEMES
dc.subjectCREDITORS
dc.subjectCREDITWORTHINESS
dc.subjectDEBT
dc.subjectDEBT FINANCING
dc.subjectDEMAND FOR CREDIT
dc.subjectDEPOSIT
dc.subjectDEPOSITORS
dc.subjectDEPOSITS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT BANK
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT BANKS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT FINANCE
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT FINANCE INSTITUTION
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT FINANCE INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectDIRECTED CREDIT
dc.subjectDIVERSIFICATION
dc.subjectDONOR FUNDING
dc.subjectDONOR FUNDS
dc.subjectEARNINGS
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC POLICY
dc.subjectELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
dc.subjectELIGIBLE BORROWERS
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectENTREPRENEURS
dc.subjectEQUITY REQUIREMENTS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL ACCESS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL DEPTH
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INSTITUTION
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION
dc.subjectFINANCIAL MARKET
dc.subjectFINANCIAL MARKETS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL OUTREACH
dc.subjectFINANCIAL PRODUCTS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL REFORM
dc.subjectFINANCIAL REGULATION
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SECTOR ASSESSMENT
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SECTOR DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SECTOR POLICY
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SERVICE
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SERVICE PROVIDERS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SYSTEM
dc.subjectFINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS
dc.subjectFIRST-TIME BORROWERS
dc.subjectFOREIGN CURRENCY
dc.subjectFOREIGN EXCHANGE
dc.subjectFOREIGN INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFORMAL CREDIT
dc.subjectFORMAL FINANCE
dc.subjectFORMAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectFORMAL FINANCIAL MARKETS
dc.subjectFORMAL FINANCIAL SERVICES
dc.subjectFUNDING SOURCE
dc.subjectFUNDING SOURCES
dc.subjectGENDER
dc.subjectGOOD BANK
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT POLICIES
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT SECURITIES
dc.subjectHIGH INTEREST RATES
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectINFLATION
dc.subjectINFORMAL FINANCE
dc.subjectINFORMAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectINFORMATION ON CREDIT
dc.subjectINFORMATION SYSTEMS
dc.subjectINSTITUTIONAL REFORMS
dc.subjectINSURANCE
dc.subjectINTEREST RATE
dc.subjectINVESTMENT BANK
dc.subjectLACK OF ACCESS
dc.subjectLACK OF CREDIT
dc.subjectLAWS
dc.subjectLENDER
dc.subjectLINE OF CREDIT
dc.subjectLINES OF CREDIT
dc.subjectLIQUIDATION
dc.subjectLOAN
dc.subjectLOAN AMOUNT
dc.subjectLOAN AMOUNTS
dc.subjectLOAN COMMITMENTS
dc.subjectLOAN PORTFOLIO
dc.subjectLOAN PROCESSING
dc.subjectLOAN RECOVERY
dc.subjectLOAN REPAYMENT
dc.subjectLOAN REPAYMENT RATES
dc.subjectLOAN SIZE
dc.subjectLOAN STRUCTURE
dc.subjectLOW-INCOME CONSUMERS
dc.subjectMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
dc.subjectMATCHING GRANTS
dc.subjectMFI
dc.subjectMFIS
dc.subjectMICRO CREDIT
dc.subjectMICRO- ENTREPRENEURS
dc.subjectMICRO-ENTREPRENEURS
dc.subjectMICROCREDIT
dc.subjectMICROFINANCE
dc.subjectMICROFINANCE INSTITUTION
dc.subjectMICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectMICROFINANCE LENDING
dc.subjectMICROFINANCE LOAN
dc.subjectMUNICIPALITIES
dc.subjectNATURE OF ACCESS
dc.subjectNOMINAL INTEREST RATE
dc.subjectNONBANK FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectNONBANKS
dc.subjectOUTREACH
dc.subjectOUTSTANDING LOAN
dc.subjectOUTSTANDING LOANS
dc.subjectPOLICY ENVIRONMENT
dc.subjectPRIVATE BANKS
dc.subjectPRIVATE COMMERCIAL BANKS
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR BANKS
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR LENDERS
dc.subjectPRIVILEGED ACCESS
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPUBLIC BANK
dc.subjectPUBLIC BANKS
dc.subjectRATES OF INTEREST
dc.subjectRECESSION
dc.subjectREPAYMENT
dc.subjectREPAYMENT RATES
dc.subjectREPAYMENTS
dc.subjectRESERVE REQUIREMENTS
dc.subjectRESOURCE ALLOCATION
dc.subjectREVOLVING FUND
dc.subjectRISK MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectRURAL BANK
dc.subjectRURAL BANKING
dc.subjectRURAL BANKS
dc.subjectRURAL CREDIT
dc.subjectRURAL FINANCE
dc.subjectRURAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectRURAL FINANCIAL SERVICES
dc.subjectSAFE ASSET
dc.subjectSAFE ASSETS
dc.subjectSAFETY NETS
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSAVINGS GROUPS
dc.subjectSMALL BORROWERS
dc.subjectSMALL BUSINESS
dc.subjectSMALL BUSINESS SUPPORT
dc.subjectSMALL LOANS
dc.subjectSOFT LOANS
dc.subjectSPECIAL CREDIT
dc.subjectSTATE SUPPORT
dc.subjectSTRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT
dc.subjectSUBSIDIZATION
dc.subjectSUPERVISORY FRAMEWORK
dc.subjectSUPPLY OF CREDIT
dc.subjectTECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
dc.subjectTECHNICAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectTERM CREDIT
dc.subjectTRADITIONAL LOAN
dc.subjectTRANSACTION COSTS
dc.subjectUNIVERSAL FINANCIAL ACCESS
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.titleWorld Bank Lending for Financial Inclusionen
dc.title.subtitleLessons from Reviews of Select Projectsen
dc.typeWorking Paperen
dc.typeDocument de travailfr
dc.typeDocumento de trabajoes
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.date.disclosure2015-03-19
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-14T12:35:02.223149Z
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-15T02:47:18.374189Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Publication
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/01/24171436/world-bank-lending-financial-inclusion-lessons-reviews-select-projects
okr.globalpracticeFinance and Markets
okr.guid187951468322432646
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000333037_20150319094619
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum24171436
okr.identifier.report94972
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2015/03/19/000333037_20150319094619/Rendered/PDF/949720NWP00PUB0cial0Inclusion.final.pdfen
okr.topicFinance and Financial Sector Development::Access to Finance
okr.topicEnvironmental Economics and Policies
okr.topicFinance and Financial Sector Development::Debt Markets
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Economic Adjustment and Lending
okr.topicBanks and Banking Reform
okr.topicEnvironment
okr.unitCountry, Corporate & Global Eval (IEGCC)
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