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Does Hepatitis B Infection or Son Preference Explain the Bulk of Gender Imbalance in China? A Review of the Evidence

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dc.contributor.authorDas Gupta, Monica
dc.date.accessioned2012-05-24T21:17:03Z
dc.date.available2012-05-24T21:17:03Z
dc.date.issued2008-01
dc.description.abstractChina has a large deficit of females, and public policies have sought to reduce the son preference that is widely believed to cause this. Recently a study has suggested that up to 75 percent of this deficit is attributable to hepatitis B infection, indicating that immunization programs should form the first plank of policy interventions. However, a large medical dataset from Taiwan (China) shows that hepatitis B infection raises women's probability of having a son by only 0.25 percent. And demographic data from China show that the only group of women who have elevated probabilities of bearing a son are those who have already borne daughters. This pattern makes it difficult to see how any biological factor can explain a large part of the imbalance in China's sex ratios at birth -- unless it can be shown that it somehow selectively affects those who have borne girls, or causes them to first bear girls and then boys. The Taiwanese data suggest that this is not the case with hepatitis B, since its impact is unaffected by the sex composition of previous births. The data support the cultural, rather than the biological, explanation for the "missing women."en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/01/8980990/hepatitis-b-infection-or-son-preference-explain-bulk-gender-imbalance-china-review-evidence
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-4502
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/6392
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper; No. 4502
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectBABIES
dc.subjectBIRTH ORDER
dc.subjectBIRTH ORDERS
dc.subjectBIRTHS
dc.subjectCHANCES OF SURVIVAL
dc.subjectCHILD MORTALITY
dc.subjectCULTURAL FACTORS
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subjectDIFFERENTIALS IN HEALTH
dc.subjectDIFFERENTIALS IN MORTALITY
dc.subjectDISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectDISEASE
dc.subjectDISEASES
dc.subjectDYING
dc.subjectEARLY CHILDHOOD
dc.subjectFAMILIES
dc.subjectFAMILY COMPOSITION
dc.subjectFATHER
dc.subjectFATHERS
dc.subjectFEMALE
dc.subjectFEMALE CHILDREN
dc.subjectFEMALE MORTALITY
dc.subjectFEMALES
dc.subjectFERTILITY
dc.subjectFETUSES
dc.subjectFIRST CHILD
dc.subjectGENDER
dc.subjectGENDER BIAS
dc.subjectGENDER DIFFERENTIALS
dc.subjectGENDER EQUITY
dc.subjectHEALTH SURVEYS
dc.subjectHEPATITIS
dc.subjectHEPATITIS B VIRUS
dc.subjectHUMAN BIOLOGY
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectHUSBAND
dc.subjectHUSBANDS
dc.subjectIDEAS ABOUT GENDER ROLES
dc.subjectIMMIGRANTS
dc.subjectIMMUNIZATION
dc.subjectIMMUNIZATION PROGRAM
dc.subjectIMMUNIZATION PROGRAMS
dc.subjectINFANT
dc.subjectINFANTICIDE
dc.subjectINFECTION
dc.subjectINFECTION RATES
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES
dc.subjectKIDNEYS
dc.subjectLEGISLATION
dc.subjectLIFE EVENTS
dc.subjectMARRIED WOMEN
dc.subjectMEDICAL SCIENCES
dc.subjectMEDICINE
dc.subjectMORTALITY
dc.subjectMORTALITY DIFFERENTIALS
dc.subjectMOTHER
dc.subjectMOTHERS
dc.subjectNEWBORNS
dc.subjectNUMBER OF CHILDREN
dc.subjectNUTRITIONAL STATUS
dc.subjectPATIENTS
dc.subjectPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
dc.subjectPOPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectPOPULATION DIVISION
dc.subjectPOPULATION STUDIES
dc.subjectPREFERENCE FOR SONS
dc.subjectPREGNANT WOMEN
dc.subjectPREVALENCE
dc.subjectPRIMARY SCHOOL
dc.subjectPROGRESS
dc.subjectPUBLIC LIFE
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICES
dc.subjectRATIO OF BOYS TO GIRLS
dc.subjectSEX
dc.subjectSEX DIFFERENCES
dc.subjectSEX RATIO
dc.subjectSEX RATIOS
dc.subjectSEX-SELECTIVE ABORTIONS
dc.subjectSEXES
dc.subjectSOCIAL AFFAIRS
dc.subjectSOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectSON PREFERENCE
dc.subjectSOUTH ASIAN
dc.subjectSPONTANEOUS ABORTIONS
dc.subjectSTATE POLICIES
dc.subjectSUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
dc.subjectTROPICAL DISEASES
dc.subjectURBANIZATION
dc.subjectVACCINATION CAMPAIGN
dc.subjectVACCINATION CAMPAIGNS
dc.subjectVITAL STATISTICS
dc.subjectWIFE
dc.subjectWIVES
dc.subjectWOMAN
dc.subjectWORLD POPULATION
dc.titleDoes Hepatitis B Infection or Son Preference Explain the Bulk of Gender Imbalance in China? A Review of the Evidenceen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaGender
okr.crossref.titleDoes Hepatitis B Infection Or Son Preference Explain The Bulk Of Gender Imbalance In China? : A Review Of The Evidence
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T07:16:23.903727Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/01/8980990/hepatitis-b-infection-or-son-preference-explain-bulk-gender-imbalance-china-review-evidence
okr.globalpracticeGovernance
okr.globalpracticeHealth, Nutrition, and Population
okr.guid873121468219915397
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-4502
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20080131153255
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum8980990
okr.identifier.reportWPS4502
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2008/01/31/000158349_20080131153255/Rendered/PDF/wps4502.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeEast Asia and Pacific
okr.region.countryChina
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Population Policies
okr.topicGender::Gender and Law
okr.topicDisease Control and Prevention
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Reproductive Health
okr.topicGender::Gender and Health
okr.unitDevelopment Research Group (DECRG)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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