Publication:
Democracy, Public Expenditures, and the Poor : Understanding Political Incentives for Providing Public Services

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dc.contributor.authorKeefer, Philip
dc.contributor.authorKhemani, Stuti
dc.date.accessioned2013-12-19T19:58:38Z
dc.date.available2013-12-19T19:58:38Z
dc.date.issued2005-03-01
dc.description.abstractThe incentives of politicians to provide broad public goods and reduce poverty vary across countries. Even in democracies, politicians often have incentives to divert resources to political rents and private transfers that benefit a few citizens at the expense of many. These distortions can be traced to imperfections in political markets that are greater in some countries than in others. This article reviews the theory and evidence on the impact on political incentives of incomplete information for voters, the lack of credibility of political promises, and social polarization. The analysis has implications for policy and for reforms to improve public goods provision and reduce poverty.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/03/17591977/democracy-public-expenditures-poor-understanding-political-incentives-providing-public-services
dc.identifier.citationWorld Bank Research Observer
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/16407
dc.identifier.otherdoi:10.1093/wbro/lki002
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/16407
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherOxford University Press on behalf of the World Bank
dc.relation.ispartofseriesWorld Bank Research Observer
dc.rightsCC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectABSENTEEISM
dc.subjectACCESS TO INFORMATION
dc.subjectACCESS TO RESOURCES
dc.subjectACCOUNTABILITY
dc.subjectACCOUNTING
dc.subjectADMINISTRATIVE COSTS
dc.subjectADULT LITERACY
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL POLICIES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
dc.subjectALLOCATION
dc.subjectARTICLE
dc.subjectASYMMETRIC INFORMATION
dc.subjectBARRIERS TO ENTRY
dc.subjectBULLETIN
dc.subjectBUSINESS CYCLES
dc.subjectBY ELECTIONS
dc.subjectCANDIDATES
dc.subjectCENTER FOR DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectCENTER FOR POPULATION
dc.subjectCENTRAL GOVERNMENT
dc.subjectCHILD LABOR
dc.subjectCITIZEN
dc.subjectCITIZENS
dc.subjectCIVIC SOCIETY
dc.subjectCIVIL SERVICE
dc.subjectCIVIL SERVICE REFORM
dc.subjectCIVIL SOCIETY
dc.subjectCOMPOSITION OF PUBLIC SPENDING
dc.subjectCONSTITUENCIES
dc.subjectCONSTITUENTS
dc.subjectDATA ANALYSIS
dc.subjectDEBT
dc.subjectDECENTRALIZATION
dc.subjectDECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITY
dc.subjectDEMOCRACIES
dc.subjectDEMOCRACY
dc.subjectDEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectDEMOCRATIC PROCESSES
dc.subjectDEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDISADVANTAGED GROUPS
dc.subjectDISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectDISSEMINATION
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTION OF INCOME
dc.subjectE-MAIL
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectEDUCATION POLICY
dc.subjectEDUCATION PROGRAMS
dc.subjectEDUCATION REFORM
dc.subjectEDUCATION SERVICES
dc.subjectEFFECTIVENESS OF PUBLIC SPENDING
dc.subjectELECTED REPRESENTATIVES
dc.subjectELECTION
dc.subjectELECTIONS
dc.subjectELECTORAL PROCESS
dc.subjectELECTORATE
dc.subjectETHNIC GROUP
dc.subjectETHNIC GROUPS
dc.subjectETHNIC HETEROGENEITY
dc.subjectEXOGENOUS SHOCKS
dc.subjectEXPENDITURE POLICIES
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES ON HEALTH
dc.subjectEXTERNAL AID
dc.subjectEXTERNAL ASSISTANCE
dc.subjectFEMALE LITERACY
dc.subjectFISCAL POLICIES
dc.subjectFISCAL POLICY
dc.subjectFOOD PRODUCTION
dc.subjectFREE MEDIA
dc.subjectFUNGIBILITY
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT POLICIES
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT POLICY
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT SPENDING
dc.subjectGOVERNORS
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE
dc.subjectHEALTH CLINICS
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectHEALTH WORKERS
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SURVEYS
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectHUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectILLITERACY
dc.subjectIMMUNIZATION
dc.subjectIMPROVEMENTS IN SERVICE QUALITY
dc.subjectINCOME INEQUALITY
dc.subjectINFANT
dc.subjectINFANT MORTALITY
dc.subjectINFANT MORTALITY RATE
dc.subjectINFORMATION ASYMMETRIES
dc.subjectINFORMATION CAMPAIGNS
dc.subjectINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT
dc.subjectINTEREST PAYMENTS
dc.subjectJOB OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectLACK OF INFORMATION
dc.subjectLEGISLATORS
dc.subjectLITERACY RATES
dc.subjectLIVE BIRTHS
dc.subjectLOCAL ELECTIONS
dc.subjectLOCAL GOVERNMENTS
dc.subjectLOCAL PUBLIC GOODS
dc.subjectLOW-INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC POLICY
dc.subjectMARKET FAILURES
dc.subjectMARKET PRICES
dc.subjectMASS MEDIA
dc.subjectMEDICAL FACILITIES
dc.subjectMILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
dc.subjectMINORITY
dc.subjectMUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS
dc.subjectOIL PRICES
dc.subjectPARLIAMENTARY SYSTEMS
dc.subjectPOLICY DECISIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY IMPLICATIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY ISSUES
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ACCOUNTABILITY
dc.subjectPOLITICAL CAMPAIGNS
dc.subjectPOLITICAL INSTABILITY
dc.subjectPOLITICAL LANDSCAPE
dc.subjectPOLITICAL LEADERS
dc.subjectPOLITICAL PARTIES
dc.subjectPOLITICAL PARTY
dc.subjectPOLITICAL POWER
dc.subjectPOLITICAL PROCESS
dc.subjectPOLITICAL PROCESSES
dc.subjectPOLITICAL RESPONSIBILITIES
dc.subjectPOLITICAL RESPONSIBILITY
dc.subjectPOLITICAL SYSTEM
dc.subjectPOLITICIANS
dc.subjectPOPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectPORK BARREL
dc.subjectPOVERTY IMPACT
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subjectPRESENT VALUE
dc.subjectPREVENTIVE HEALTH CARE
dc.subjectPRIMARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectPRIMARY HEALTH CARE
dc.subjectPRIMARY SCHOOL
dc.subjectPROGRAMS
dc.subjectPROVIDER INCENTIVES
dc.subjectPROVISION OF GOODS
dc.subjectPROVISION OF SERVICES
dc.subjectPUBLIC ACTION
dc.subjectPUBLIC AFFAIRS
dc.subjectPUBLIC CHOICE
dc.subjectPUBLIC EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectPUBLIC EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectPUBLIC EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectPUBLIC GOOD
dc.subjectPUBLIC GOODS
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH
dc.subjectPUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectPUBLIC INVESTMENT
dc.subjectPUBLIC INVESTMENTS
dc.subjectPUBLIC POLICY
dc.subjectPUBLIC RESOURCES
dc.subjectPUBLIC SCHOOLS
dc.subjectPUBLIC SECTOR
dc.subjectPUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYEES
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICE
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICES
dc.subjectPUBLIC SPENDING
dc.subjectPUBLIC WORKS
dc.subjectQUALITY EDUCATION
dc.subjectQUALITY OF SERVICES
dc.subjectQUALITY SERVICES
dc.subjectRADIO
dc.subjectRECURRENT EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectREFORM EFFORTS
dc.subjectRELIGIOUS GROUPS
dc.subjectREPRESENTATIVES
dc.subjectRESOURCE ALLOCATION
dc.subjectRESOURCE AVAILABILITY
dc.subjectRESPECT
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectSCHOOL-AGE CHILD
dc.subjectSECONDARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectSECONDARY SCHOOL
dc.subjectSEGMENTS OF SOCIETY
dc.subjectSERVICE DELIVERY
dc.subjectSERVICE IMPROVEMENTS
dc.subjectSERVICE PROVIDERS
dc.subjectSERVICE PROVISION
dc.subjectSERVICE QUALITY
dc.subjectSIGNIFICANT POLICY
dc.subjectSIZE OF GOVERNMENT
dc.subjectSOCIAL ASSISTANCE
dc.subjectSOCIAL DISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectSOCIAL GROUP
dc.subjectSOCIAL PROGRAMS
dc.subjectSOCIAL SERVICE
dc.subjectSOCIAL SERVICES
dc.subjectSTATE GOVERNMENT
dc.subjectSTATE GOVERNMENTS
dc.subjectTAX BREAKS
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectUNCERTAINTY
dc.subjectUNIVERSAL ACCESS
dc.subjectUNIVERSAL EDUCATION
dc.subjectUTILITY FUNCTIONS
dc.subjectVICTIMS
dc.subjectVOTER PREFERENCES
dc.subjectVOTER TURNOUT
dc.subjectVOTING PATTERNS
dc.titleDemocracy, Public Expenditures, and the Poor : Understanding Political Incentives for Providing Public Servicesen
dc.typeJournal Articleen
dc.typeArticle de journalfr
dc.typeArtículo de revistaes
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.date.disclosure2013-04-17
okr.date.doiregistration2025-05-06T10:57:07.964433Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Journal Article
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Journal Article
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/03/17591977/democracy-public-expenditures-poor-understanding-political-incentives-providing-public-services
okr.globalpracticeGovernance
okr.globalpracticeHealth, Nutrition, and Population
okr.guid182371468326383728
okr.identifier.doi10.1093/wbro/lki002
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000442464_20130417152036
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum17591977
okr.identifier.report76748
okr.journal.nbpages1-27
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2013/04/17/000442464_20130417152036/Rendered/PDF/767480JRN0WBRO00Box374387B00PUBLIC0.pdfen
okr.peerreviewAcademic Peer Review
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Population Policies
okr.topicPublic Sector Expenditure Policy
okr.topicGovernance::Parliamentary Government
okr.topicGovernance::E-Government
okr.topicPublic Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures
okr.topicPublic Sector Development
okr.unitDECRG: Human Development (DECHD)
okr.volume20(1)
relation.isJournalIssueOfPublication27bcaddf-8eea-416d-95cf-53aee563206c
relation.isJournalIssueOfPublication.latestForDiscovery27bcaddf-8eea-416d-95cf-53aee563206c
relation.isJournalOfPublication9e5fbe82-492f-4142-8378-17d50245d9de
relation.isJournalVolumeOfPublication96f1febc-1dcd-48bc-850c-3804a39b99b1
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