Publication:
Strengthening Economic Rights and Women's Occupational Choice : The Impact of Reforming Ethiopia's Family Law

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dc.contributor.authorGajigo, Ousman
dc.contributor.authorHallward-Driemeier, Mary
dc.date.accessioned2014-02-05T14:59:57Z
dc.date.available2014-02-05T14:59:57Z
dc.date.issued2013-11
dc.description.abstractThis paper evaluates the impact of strengthening legal rights on the types of economic opportunities that are pursued. Ethiopia changed its family law, requiring both spouses' consent in the administration of marital property, removing the ability of a spouse to deny permission for the other to work outside the home, and raising women's minimum age of marriage. Thus both access to resources and the removal of restrictions on employment served to strengthen women's bargaining position within the household and their ability to pursue economic opportunities. Although this reform now applies nationally, it was initially rolled out in the two chartered cities and three of Ethiopia's nine regions. Using nationally representative household surveys from just prior to the reform and five years later allows for a difference-in-difference estimation of the reform's impact. The analysis finds that women were relatively more likely to work in occupations that require work outside the home, employ more educated workers, and in paid and full-time jobs where the reform had been enacted, controlling for time and location effects. As the relative increase in women's participation in these activities was 15-24 percent higher in areas where the reform was carried out, the magnitude of the impact is significant too.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/11/18491801/strengthening-economic-rights-womens-occupational-choice-impact-reforming-ethiopias-family-law
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-6695
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/16919
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper;No. 6695
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectACCESS TO CAPITAL
dc.subjectACCESS TO CREDIT
dc.subjectACCESS TO FINANCE
dc.subjectACCESS TO RESOURCES
dc.subjectADOPTION
dc.subjectADULT WOMEN
dc.subjectADVERSE CONSEQUENCES
dc.subjectAGE AT MARRIAGE
dc.subjectAGE OF MARRIAGE
dc.subjectALIMONY
dc.subjectALLOCATION OF RESOURCES
dc.subjectASSET OWNERSHIP
dc.subjectAVAILABILITY OF COLLATERAL
dc.subjectBANK
dc.subjectBARGAINING
dc.subjectBARGAINING POWER
dc.subjectBENEFIT
dc.subjectBENEFITS
dc.subjectBENEFITS FOR WOMEN
dc.subjectBORROWERS
dc.subjectCHILD
dc.subjectCHILD WELFARE
dc.subjectCHILDREN
dc.subjectCLERKS
dc.subjectCOLLATERAL
dc.subjectCOOPERATIVE
dc.subjectCOURTS
dc.subjectCREDIT
dc.subjectCREDIT ACCESS
dc.subjectCREDIT CONSTRAINTS
dc.subjectCREDITORS
dc.subjectCULTURAL CHANGE
dc.subjectCUSTOMARY PRACTICES
dc.subjectDEMANDS ON WOMEN
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT BANK
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subjectDISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectDIVORCE
dc.subjectDOMESTIC VIOLENCE
dc.subjectECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectECONOMIC ACTIVITY
dc.subjectECONOMIC BENEFITS
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN
dc.subjectECONOMIC RIGHTS
dc.subjectECONOMICS
dc.subjectEDUCATION LEVEL
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectEFFECTS
dc.subjectEMPLOYEES
dc.subjectEMPLOYERS
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT STATUS
dc.subjectEMPOWERING WOMEN
dc.subjectEMPOWERMENT
dc.subjectENTERPRISES
dc.subjectENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY
dc.subjectEQUAL RIGHTS
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectFAMILIES
dc.subjectFAMILY
dc.subjectFAMILY LAW
dc.subjectFAMILY LAWS
dc.subjectFAMILY RELATIONS
dc.subjectFARM ENTERPRISE
dc.subjectFEMALE
dc.subjectFEMALE EDUCATION
dc.subjectFEMALES
dc.subjectFINANCE
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectFIRST MARRIAGE
dc.subjectGENDER
dc.subjectGENDER AND LAW
dc.subjectGENDER DIFFERENCE
dc.subjectGENDER DIFFERENCES
dc.subjectGENDER DIMENSION
dc.subjectGENDER DISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectGENDER DIVISION OF LABOR
dc.subjectGENDER EQUALITY
dc.subjectGENDER EQUALITY IN RIGHTS
dc.subjectGENDER GAPS
dc.subjectGENDER INEQUALITIES
dc.subjectGENDER INEQUALITY
dc.subjectGENDER NEUTRAL
dc.subjectGENDER ROLES
dc.subjectGENDER SEGREGATION
dc.subjectGROUPS OF WOMEN
dc.subjectHOME
dc.subjectHOMES
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD DYNAMICS
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SURVEYS
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD WELFARE
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectHUMAN RESOURCES
dc.subjectHUSBAND
dc.subjectHUSBANDS
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINDIVIDUAL MEMBERS
dc.subjectINDIVIDUAL WELFARE
dc.subjectINHERITANCE
dc.subjectINHERITANCE RIGHTS
dc.subjectINSECURE PROPERTY
dc.subjectINTEREST
dc.subjectINTERESTS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY
dc.subjectINVESTMENT
dc.subjectINVESTMENTS
dc.subjectLABOR ECONOMICS
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR MARKETS
dc.subjectLABOR MOBILITY
dc.subjectLABOR RELATIONS
dc.subjectLABOR SUPPLY
dc.subjectLABORERS
dc.subjectLAND REGISTRATION
dc.subjectLAND RIGHTS
dc.subjectLARGE CITIES
dc.subjectLARGE NUMBER OF WOMEN
dc.subjectLAWS
dc.subjectLEGAL MARRIAGE
dc.subjectLEGAL REFORM
dc.subjectLEGAL REFORMS
dc.subjectLEGAL RIGHTS
dc.subjectLEGISLATION
dc.subjectLEVEL OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC EFFECTS
dc.subjectMANAGEMENT
dc.subjectMANDATES
dc.subjectMARITAL PROPERTY
dc.subjectMARITAL STATUS
dc.subjectMARKET INFORMATION
dc.subjectMARRIAGE
dc.subjectMARRIAGE AGE
dc.subjectMARRIAGE FOR GIRLS
dc.subjectMARRIAGE PARTNERS
dc.subjectMARRIAGES
dc.subjectMARRIED COUPLES
dc.subjectMARRIED WOMEN
dc.subjectMILLENNIUM DECLARATION
dc.subjectMILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL
dc.subjectMILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
dc.subjectMINIMUM AGE OF MARRIAGE
dc.subjectMINIMUM AGE OF MARRIAGE FOR WOMEN
dc.subjectNATIONAL LEVEL
dc.subjectNUMBER OF WOMEN
dc.subjectOCCUPATIONS
dc.subjectOLDER WOMEN
dc.subjectOPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN
dc.subjectORGANIZATIONS
dc.subjectOUTCOMES
dc.subjectPARENTAL LEAVE
dc.subjectPARTICIPATION OF WOMEN
dc.subjectPARTNERS
dc.subjectPEOPLE
dc.subjectPOLICY
dc.subjectPOLICY CHANGE
dc.subjectPOLICY DISCUSSIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectPOPULATION
dc.subjectPOPULATION DENSITY
dc.subjectPOPULATION GROWTH
dc.subjectPOPULOUS COUNTRY
dc.subjectPOWER OF WOMEN
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPROGRESS
dc.subjectPROPERTY OWNER
dc.subjectPROPERTY RIGHT
dc.subjectPROPERTY RIGHTS
dc.subjectPROPORTION OF WOMEN
dc.subjectRACIAL DISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectRADIO
dc.subjectRAPE
dc.subjectRATES OF POPULATION
dc.subjectRED TAPE
dc.subjectREPRESENTATION OF WOMEN
dc.subjectRISK
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectSENSITIVE POLICIES
dc.subjectSEXUAL DIVISION OF LABOR
dc.subjectSINGLE WOMEN
dc.subjectSKILLED WORKERS
dc.subjectSMALL BUSINESS
dc.subjectSOCIAL CHANGE
dc.subjectSOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectSPOUSE
dc.subjectSPOUSES
dc.subjectTRADITIONAL FAMILY
dc.subjectTRADITIONAL GENDER ROLES
dc.subjectTV
dc.subjectUNDP
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectUNIFEM
dc.subjectUNION
dc.subjectUNITED NATIONS
dc.subjectUNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR WOMEN
dc.subjectUNMARRIED WOMEN
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectURBAN EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectURBAN MIGRATION
dc.subjectURBAN WOMEN
dc.subjectURBANIZATION
dc.subjectVALUE
dc.subjectVIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
dc.subjectWELFARE
dc.subjectWHO
dc.subjectWIDOWS
dc.subjectWIFE
dc.subjectWILL
dc.subjectWIVES
dc.subjectWOMEN
dc.subjectWOMEN EMPLOYEES
dc.subjectWOMEN ENTREPRENEURS
dc.subjectYOUNG WOMEN
dc.titleStrengthening Economic Rights and Women's Occupational Choice : The Impact of Reforming Ethiopia's Family Lawen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaJobs
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaGender
okr.crossref.titleStrengthening Economic Rights and Women's Occupational Choice: The Impact of Reforming Ethiopia's Family Law
okr.date.disclosure2013-11-01
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T11:42:55.414020Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/11/18491801/strengthening-economic-rights-womens-occupational-choice-impact-reforming-ethiopias-family-law
okr.globalpracticeSocial Protection and Labor
okr.globalpracticeFinance and Markets
okr.globalpracticeGovernance
okr.globalpracticeHealth, Nutrition, and Population
okr.guid259861468021600567
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-6695
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20131108140923
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum18491801
okr.identifier.reportWPS6695
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2013/11/08/000158349_20131108140923/Rendered/PDF/WPS6695.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeAfrica
okr.region.countryEthiopia
okr.sectorPublic Administration, Law, and Justice::Law and justice
okr.sectorIndustry and trade
okr.themeEconomic management::Analysis of economic growth
okr.themeRule of law::Personal and property rights
okr.themeFinancial and private sector development::Regulation and competition policy
okr.themeFinancial and private sector development::Other financial and private sector development
okr.themeSocial dev/gender/inclusion::Gender
okr.topicFinance and Financial Sector Development::Access to Finance
okr.topicGender::Gender and Development
okr.topicSocial Protections and Labor::Labor Policies
okr.topicGender::Gender and Law
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Population Policies
okr.unitFinance and Private Sector Development Team, Development Research Group
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isAuthorOfPublication67f85769-f3f3-56bb-8609-d63125a35e32
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery67f85769-f3f3-56bb-8609-d63125a35e32
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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