Publication:
R&D and Development

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dc.contributor.authorLederman, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorMaloney, William F.
dc.date.accessioned2014-05-12T18:12:10Z
dc.date.available2014-05-12T18:12:10Z
dc.date.issued2003-04
dc.description.abstractLederman and Maloney trace the evolution of research and development (R&D) expenditures along the development process using a new global panel data set. They show that R&D effort measured as a share of GDP rises with development at an increasing rate. The authors examine how four groups of countries from Latin America, Asia, advanced manufacturing exporters, and advanced natural resource-abundant countries fare relative to the predicted development trajectory. Latin America generally underperforms as do some countries in Asia and Europe, but their striking finding is that some-Finland, Israel, the Republic of Korea, and Taiwan (China)-have radically deviated from the predicted trajectory and displayed impressive R&D takeoffs. The authors ask whether these countries overinvest in R&D but find that the high estimates of the social rates of return probably justify this effort. Moreover, the returns to R&D decline with per capita GDP. The authors attempt to explain why rich countries invest more in R&D than poor countries. They conclude that financial depth, protection of intellectual property rights, government capacity to mobilize resources, and the quality of research institutions are the main reasons why R&D efforts rise with the level of development.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/04/2323014/research-development-rd-development
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-3024
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/18254
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper;No. 3024
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectRESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectEXPENDITURE ANALYSIS
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT DECISION-MAKING
dc.subjectRESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS
dc.subjectFACTOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectTECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectBASIC RESEARCH
dc.subjectINNOVATIONS
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectRATES OF RETURN
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY GROWTH ACCELERATOR
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectBASIC RESEARCH
dc.subjectBASIC SCIENCE
dc.subjectBENCHMARKING
dc.subjectCAPITAL MARKETS
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVENESS
dc.subjectCPI
dc.subjectCROWDING OUT
dc.subjectECONOMETRICS
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC RISK
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subjectELASTICITIES
dc.subjectELASTICITY
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectENDOGENOUS VARIABLES
dc.subjectEQUILIBRIUM
dc.subjectESTIMATORS
dc.subjectEXPECTED RETURNS
dc.subjectEXPLOITATION
dc.subjectEXPLORATION
dc.subjectFISHING
dc.subjectFOREIGN R&D
dc.subjectFUTURE RESEARCH
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGDP PER CAPITA
dc.subjectGROWTH MODELS
dc.subjectINCOME LEVELS
dc.subjectINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
dc.subjectINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
dc.subjectINTEREST RATES
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectLEVEL OF INCOME
dc.subjectLEVELS OF INCOME
dc.subjectMARGINAL PRODUCT
dc.subjectMARKET POWER
dc.subjectNATIONAL INNOVATIVE CAPACITY
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectNET EXPORTS
dc.subjectOIL
dc.subjectOPPORTUNITY COST
dc.subjectOPPORTUNITY COSTS
dc.subjectPATENT PROTECTION
dc.subjectPER CAPITA INCOME
dc.subjectPOSITIVE EFFECTS
dc.subjectPRIVATE R&D
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR
dc.subjectPRODUCTION FUNCTION
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
dc.subjectPROPERTY RIGHTS
dc.subjectPROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
dc.subjectPUBLIC R&D
dc.subjectPUBLIC RESEARCH
dc.subjectR&D
dc.subjectR&D EFFICIENCY
dc.subjectR&D EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectR&D PROJECTS
dc.subjectR&D SPENDING
dc.subjectRANDOM WALK
dc.subjectRATES OF RETURN
dc.subjectREAL INTEREST RATE
dc.subjectREGRESSION ANALYSIS
dc.subjectRESEARCH CAPACITY
dc.subjectRESEARCH CENTERS
dc.subjectRESEARCH EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectRESEARCH INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectRESEARCH POLICY
dc.subjectRESEARCH WORKING PAPERS
dc.subjectRETAINED EARNINGS
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSOIL RESEARCH
dc.subjectSTATISTICAL DATA
dc.subjectSUCCESSFUL COUNTRIES
dc.subjectSURVEY DATA
dc.subjectTECHNIQUES
dc.subjectTECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
dc.subjectTECHNOLOGICAL FRONTIER
dc.subjectTECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
dc.subjectTECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS
dc.subjectTECHNOLOGY INDICATORS
dc.subjectTERTIARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectTIME SERIES
dc.subjectTOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectVALIDITY
dc.subjectRESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
dc.titleR&D and Developmenten
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleR&D and Development
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T10:32:29.853952Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/04/2323014/research-development-rd-development
okr.globalpracticeEducation
okr.globalpracticeGovernance
okr.guid778751468739477640
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-3024
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000094946_03051304193087
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum2323014
okr.identifier.reportWPS3024
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2003/05/23/000094946_03051304193087/Rendered/PDF/multi0page.pdfen
okr.topicEconomic Theory and Research
okr.topicEducation::Education and Digital Divide
okr.topicPublic Sector Development::Decentralization
okr.topicEnvironmental Economics and Policies
okr.topicAgricultural Knowledge and Information Systems
okr.topicScientific Research and Science Parks
okr.topicScience Education
okr.unitOffice of the Chief Economist, Latin America and the Caribbean Region
relation.isAuthorOfPublication2c812f70-403a-5905-88e4-bd90a5f31e96
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationc7d4d195-f430-5039-b564-a3e95b24a117
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryc7d4d195-f430-5039-b564-a3e95b24a117
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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