Publication:
Infrastructure in Conflict-Prone and Fragile Environments: Evidence from the Democratic Republic of Congo

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dc.contributor.authorAli, Rubaba
dc.contributor.authorBarra, A. Federico
dc.contributor.authorBerg, Claudia N.
dc.contributor.authorDamania, Richard
dc.contributor.authorNash, John D.
dc.contributor.authorRuss, Jason
dc.date.accessioned2015-06-02T21:35:11Z
dc.date.available2015-06-02T21:35:11Z
dc.date.issued2015-05
dc.description.abstractIn conflict-prone situations, access to markets is necessary to restore economic growth and generate the preconditions for peace and reconstruction. Hence, the rehabilitation of damaged transport infrastructure has emerged as an overarching investment priority among donors and governments. This paper brings together two distinct strands of literature on the effects of conflict on welfare and on the economic impact of transport infrastructure. The theoretical model explores how transport infrastructure affects conflict incidence and welfare when selection into rebel groups is endogenous. The implications of the model are tested with data from the Democratic Republic of Congo. The analysis addresses the problems of the endogeneity of transport costs and conflict using a novel set of instrumental variables. For transport costs, a new instrument is developed, the natural-historical path, which measures the most efficient travel route to a market, taking into account topography, land cover, and historical caravan routes. Recognizing the imprecision in measuring the geographic impacts of conflict, the analysis develops a spatial kernel density function to proxy for the incidence of conflict. To account for its endogeneity, it is instrumented with ethnic fractionalization and distance to the eastern border. A variety of indicators of well-being are used: a wealth index, a poverty index, and local gross domestic product. The results suggest that, in most situations, reducing transport costs has the expected beneficial impacts on all the measures of welfare. However, when there is intense conflict, improvements in infrastructure may not have the anticipated benefits. The results suggest the need for more nuanced strategies that take into account varying circumstances and consider actions that jointly target governance with construction activities.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/05/24498122/infrastructure-conflict-prone-fragile-environments-evidence-democratic-republic-congo
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-7273
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/22005
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper;No. 7273
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectSANITATION
dc.subjectRISKS
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectPRICE OF FUEL
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectVEHICLE SPEED
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
dc.subjectTRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION COSTS
dc.subjectNATIONS
dc.subjectTRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURES
dc.subjectELASTICITY
dc.subjectECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectAGGLOMERATION BENEFITS
dc.subjectCONVENTION
dc.subjectTRAVEL SPEED
dc.subjectPROJECTS
dc.subjectTRAFFIC
dc.subjectROAD INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectHIGHWAY SYSTEM
dc.subjectTAX
dc.subjectROUTES
dc.subjectFARM HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectGROSS VEHICLE WEIGHT
dc.subjectWEALTH
dc.subjectINDEPENDENCE
dc.subjectCONFLICT
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL OUTPUT
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subjectMEASURES
dc.subjectWARFARE
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectROAD TYPE
dc.subjectREBELS
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subjectPOLARIZATION
dc.subjectTRAVEL COSTS
dc.subjectVEHICLE
dc.subjectARMED CONFLICT
dc.subjectCONSTRAINT
dc.subjectFUNDS FOR ROADS
dc.subjectEXPLOITATION
dc.subjectCROP PRODUCTION
dc.subjectROAD
dc.subjectCOSTS
dc.subjectRURAL HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION NETWORK
dc.subjectROAD NETWORK
dc.subjectTRANSPORT
dc.subjectIMPACT OF TRANSPORT
dc.subjectFOREIGN AID
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD HEAD
dc.subjectINTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT CONTROL
dc.subjectEXPERTS
dc.subjectTRANSFERS
dc.subjectVIOLENCE
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD INCOME
dc.subjectLOCAL CONFLICT
dc.subjectCOSTS PER VEHICLE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC SANCTIONS
dc.subjectEMERGENCY RESPONSE
dc.subjectROAD IMPROVEMENT
dc.subjectWELFARE INDICATORS
dc.subjectFARMERS
dc.subjectRURAL ROADS
dc.subjectROUTE
dc.subjectRULE OF LAW
dc.subjectBETTER ACCESS TO MARKETS
dc.subjectROAD QUALITY
dc.subjectAVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC
dc.subjectINFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectLAND USE
dc.subjectNUTRITIONAL STATUS
dc.subjectTRANSPORT NETWORK
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectFARMLAND
dc.subjectTRAVEL
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectPOLICIES
dc.subjectPOVERTY INDEX
dc.subjectFEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectCARS
dc.subjectRURAL AREA
dc.subjectREBEL
dc.subjectACCESSIBILITY
dc.subjectRURAL INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectPOPULATION DENSITY
dc.subjectECONOMY
dc.subjectVIOLENT CONFLICT
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL LAND
dc.subjectMALNUTRITION
dc.subjectRURAL
dc.subjectNATION
dc.subjectNUTRITION
dc.subjectBATTLE
dc.subjectACCESS TO MARKETS
dc.subjectHIGHWAYS
dc.subjectBATTLES
dc.subjectROADS
dc.subjectCHILD MORTALITY
dc.subjectCAR
dc.subjectWALKING
dc.subjectHIGHWAY
dc.subjectRAILWAYS
dc.subjectSUBSISTENCE FARMERS
dc.subjectCOST OF TRANSPORT
dc.subjectINTERNAL WAR
dc.subjectWARS
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION COST
dc.subjectWAR
dc.subjectACCESS TO SERVICES
dc.subjectPEDESTRIAN
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectPOVERTY
dc.subjectRAILROADS
dc.subjectFATALITIES
dc.subjectFUEL
dc.subjectREMOTE COMMUNITIES
dc.subjectREHABILITATION
dc.subjectCONFLICTS
dc.subjectUNIVERSITY
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectINVESTMENTS
dc.subjectPOVERTY DYNAMICS
dc.subjectRURAL ROAD
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD WELFARE
dc.subjectCIVIL WAR
dc.subjectPOOR
dc.subjectPOVERTY IMPACT
dc.subjectTRANSPORT COSTS
dc.subjectCIVIL WARS
dc.subjectROAD TRANSPORT
dc.subjectECONOMIC SHOCKS
dc.subjectTRAVEL TIME
dc.subjectFATALITY
dc.subjectPEACE
dc.subjectINFRASTRUCTURES
dc.subjectRECONSTRUCTION
dc.subjectRURAL RESIDENCE
dc.subjectECONOMIES
dc.subjectROAD TRAFFIC
dc.subjectBOTTLENECKS
dc.subjectINEQUALITY
dc.titleInfrastructure in Conflict-Prone and Fragile Environmentsen
dc.title.subtitleEvidence from the Democratic Republic of Congoen
dc.typeWorking Paperen
dc.typeDocument de travailfr
dc.typeDocumento de trabajoes
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaFragility, Conflict, and Violence
okr.crossref.titleInfrastructure in Conflict-Prone and Fragile Environments: Evidence from the Democratic Republic of Congo
okr.date.disclosure2015-05-18
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T10:34:00.308674Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/05/24498122/infrastructure-conflict-prone-fragile-environments-evidence-democratic-republic-congo
okr.globalpracticeTransport and ICT
okr.globalpracticePoverty
okr.guid810421468000299138
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-7273
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum090224b082e9bbcf_2_0
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum24498122
okr.identifier.reportWPS7273
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2015/05/18/090224b082e9bbcf/2_0/Rendered/PDF/Infrastructure0ic0Republic0of0Congo.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeAfrica
okr.region.countryCongo, Democratic Republic of
okr.topicConflict and Development::Post Conflict Reconstruction
okr.topicConflict and Development::Armed Conflict
okr.topicTransport Economics Policy Planning
okr.topicTransport
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Economic Theory & Research
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Rural Poverty Reduction
okr.unitAgriculture Global Practice Group
relation.isAuthorOfPublication432342a4-dd4c-5f29-a6ec-22e3afffe1e2
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relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery13ab9e4d-69a5-5781-81c8-ff1bb4966e07
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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