Publication:
Opening Doors : Gender Equality and Development in the Middle East and North Africa

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dc.contributor.authorWorld Bank
dc.date.accessioned2013-02-27T20:39:09Z
dc.date.available2013-02-27T20:39:09Z
dc.date.issued2013-02-06
dc.description.abstractSince the early 1990s, countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region have made admirable progress in reducing the gap between girls and boys in areas such as access to education and health care. Indeed, almost all young girls in the Region attend school, and more women than men are enrolled in university. Over the past two decades, maternal mortality declined 60 percent, the largest decrease in the world. Women in MENA are more educated than ever before. It is not only in the protest squares that have seen women whose aspirations are changing rapidly but increasingly unmet. The worldwide average for the participation of women in the workforce is approximately 50 percent. In MENA, their participation is half that at 25 percent. Facing popular pressure to be more open and inclusive, some governments in the region are considering and implementing electoral and constitutional reforms to deepen democracy. These reforms present an opportunity to enhance economic, social, and political inclusion for all, including women, who make up half the population. However, the outlook remains uncertain. Finally, there are limited private sector and entrepreneurial prospects not only for jobs but also for those women who aspire to create and run a business. These constraints present multiple challenges for reform. Each country in MENA will, of course, confront these constraints in different contexts. However, inherent in many of these challenges are rich opportunities as reforms unleash new economic actors. For the private sector, the challenge is to create more jobs for young women and men. The World Bank has been pursuing an exciting pilot program in Jordan to assist young women graduates in preparing to face the work environment.en
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/978-0-8213-9763-3
dc.identifier.isbn978-0-8213-9763-3
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/12552
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesMENA Development Report;
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.subjectaccess to education
dc.subjectaccess to health care
dc.subjectadolescent girls
dc.subjectadolescents
dc.subjectage of marriage
dc.subjectbabies
dc.subjectbasic health care
dc.subjectbasic human right
dc.subjectBirths
dc.subjectBulletin
dc.subjectcatalysts
dc.subjectChild Care
dc.subjectChild Marriages
dc.subjectchildren per woman
dc.subjectcitizens
dc.subjectcitizenship
dc.subjectcommunity development
dc.subjectcontraceptive use
dc.subjectdemocracy
dc.subjectDemographic Transition
dc.subjectdemographic trends
dc.subjectdeveloping countries
dc.subjectdiscrimination
dc.subjectdiscrimination against women
dc.subjectdivorce
dc.subjectdomestic violence
dc.subjectearly childhood
dc.subjecteconomic empowerment
dc.subjecteconomic growth
dc.subjecteconomic opportunities
dc.subjecteconomic productivity
dc.subjecteducated women
dc.subjecteducational attainment
dc.subjectemployment opportunities
dc.subjectEmpowering Women
dc.subjectEmpowerment of Women
dc.subjectenforcement of laws
dc.subjectequal access
dc.subjectequal opportunities
dc.subjectequal opportunities for women
dc.subjectequal partners
dc.subjectequal treatment
dc.subjectequal work
dc.subjectFemale Education
dc.subjectFemale Immigrants
dc.subjectFemale Labor
dc.subjectFemale Labor Force
dc.subjectFemale Labor Force Participation
dc.subjectFemale life expectancy
dc.subjectFemale Literacy
dc.subjectFemale Mortality
dc.subjectFemale Workers
dc.subjectFertility
dc.subjectFertility Rates
dc.subjectfewer children
dc.subjectfewer women
dc.subjectfocus group discussions
dc.subjectForms of Discrimination
dc.subjectfuture generations
dc.subjectgap between girls
dc.subjectGender
dc.subjectgender balance
dc.subjectgender differences
dc.subjectgender disparities
dc.subjectGender Equality
dc.subjectGender Equity
dc.subjectgender gap
dc.subjectgender gap in education
dc.subjectgender gap in literacy
dc.subjectGender Gaps
dc.subjectgender inequalities
dc.subjectgender issues
dc.subjectGender Norms
dc.subjectgender parity
dc.subjectgender perspective
dc.subjectGender Policy
dc.subjectGender Unit
dc.subjectGirls in School
dc.subjectGross domestic product
dc.subjecthealth care
dc.subjecthealth services
dc.subjectHousehold Chores
dc.subjecthousehold duties
dc.subjecthousehold income
dc.subjecthousehold level
dc.subjecthousehold responsibilities
dc.subjectHousehold surveys
dc.subjecthuman capital
dc.subjectHuman Development
dc.subjectHuman Rights
dc.subjecthusbands
dc.subjectilliteracy
dc.subjectImmigrants
dc.subjectImportance of Education
dc.subjectInequality
dc.subjectinfant
dc.subjectinfant mortality
dc.subjectinternational conventions
dc.subjectInternational Cooperation
dc.subjectinvestment in children
dc.subjectInvestment in Education
dc.subjectjob creation
dc.subjectjob opportunities
dc.subjectjob security
dc.subjectLabor Market
dc.subjectlabor markets
dc.subjectlabor supply
dc.subjectLabour Market
dc.subjectLabour Organization
dc.subjectlegal rights
dc.subjectlegal status
dc.subjectlevels of education
dc.subjectlife expectancy
dc.subjectLives of Women
dc.subjectlocal community
dc.subjectlow-income countries
dc.subjectLow-income country
dc.subjectlower fertility
dc.subjectMarital Status
dc.subjectmarriage age
dc.subjectMarried Women
dc.subjectmaternal mortality
dc.subjectmaternal mortality rate
dc.subjectmaternal mortality rates
dc.subjectmaternity leave
dc.subjectminority
dc.subjectmother
dc.subjectnational level
dc.subjectnatural resource
dc.subjectnewborn
dc.subjectnumber of girls
dc.subjectnumber of women
dc.subjectOpportunities for Women
dc.subjectparliamentary seats
dc.subjectParliamentary Union
dc.subjectparticipation in society
dc.subjectparticipation of women
dc.subjectPeace
dc.subjectpensions
dc.subjectPersonal Status Laws
dc.subjectpolitical participation
dc.subjectpolitical parties
dc.subjectpolitical rights
dc.subjectpolitical support
dc.subjectpolygamy
dc.subjectPopulation Council
dc.subjectPopulation Division
dc.subjectPopulation Estimates
dc.subjectPopulation Reference Bureau
dc.subjectprenatal care
dc.subjectprimary education
dc.subjectPrimary school
dc.subjectProgress
dc.subjectPublic Policy
dc.subjectPublic Sphere
dc.subjectquality of education
dc.subjectrate of growth
dc.subjectreform laws
dc.subjectreligious leaders
dc.subjectreproductive health
dc.subjectreproductive health services
dc.subjectrespect
dc.subjectright to education
dc.subjectRights of Women
dc.subjectSalaried Workers
dc.subjectSecondary Education
dc.subjectservice delivery
dc.subjectSex
dc.subjectSex discrimination
dc.subjectSex discrimination against women
dc.subjectSex Ratios
dc.subjectsingle mothers
dc.subjectSingle Women
dc.subjectskilled workers
dc.subjectSocial Affairs
dc.subjectsocial barriers
dc.subjectsocial cohesion
dc.subjectSocial Institutions
dc.subjectSocial Norms
dc.subjectSocial Security
dc.subjectsocial unrest
dc.subjectson preference
dc.subjectspouses
dc.subjectstatus of women
dc.subjectSustainable Development
dc.subjecttertiary education
dc.subjecttertiary level
dc.subjecttraditional gender roles
dc.subjecttraditional media
dc.subjecttransportation
dc.subjecttreaties
dc.subjectUNDP
dc.subjectUnemployment
dc.subjectUnemployment Rates
dc.subjectUNESCO
dc.subjectUNFPA
dc.subjectUNIFEM
dc.subjectUnited Nations
dc.subjectUnited Nations Development Fund for Women
dc.subjectUnited Nations Development Programme
dc.subjectUnited Nations Population Fund
dc.subjecturban community
dc.subjectWage Gap
dc.subjectWar
dc.subjectWDR
dc.subjectWoman
dc.subjectWorkforce
dc.subjectworking conditions
dc.subjectWorking Women
dc.subjectworking-age population
dc.subjectWorld Health Organization
dc.subjectyoung girls
dc.subjectyoung men
dc.subjectyoung mothers
dc.subjectYoung People
dc.subjectYoung Women
dc.titleOpening Doors : Gender Equality and Development in the Middle East and North Africaen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaGender
okr.crossref.titleOpening Doors
okr.date.disclosure2013-02-07
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-15T10:49:19.605885Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Publication
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.globalpracticeEducation
okr.globalpracticeGovernance
okr.globalpracticeHealth, Nutrition, and Population
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/978-0-8213-9763-3
okr.identifier.report75181
okr.language.supporteden
okr.peerreviewAcademic Peer Review
okr.region.administrativeMiddle East and North Africa
okr.region.geographicalNorth Africa
okr.region.geographicalMiddle East
okr.topicEducation::Primary Education
okr.topicGender::Gender and Health
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Population Policies
okr.topicGender::Gender and Law
okr.topicGender::Gender and Development
okr.unitMiddle East and North Africa Econ. Policy, Poverty & Gender (MNSED)
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