Publication:
Who Uses Bottled Gas? Evidence from Households in Developing Countries

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dc.contributor.authorKojima, Masami
dc.contributor.authorBacon, Robert
dc.contributor.authorZhou, Xin
dc.date.accessioned2012-03-19T18:03:28Z
dc.date.available2012-03-19T18:03:28Z
dc.date.issued2011-07-01
dc.description.abstractHousehold surveys in Guatemala, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka were analyzed using a two-stage Heckman model to examine the factors influencing the decision to use liquefied petroleum gas (stage 1) and, among users, the quantity consumed per person (stage 2). In the first stage, liquefied petroleum gas selection in all six countries increased with household expenditure and the highest level of education attained by female and male household members. Electricity connection increased, and engagement in agriculture and increasing household size decreased, liquefied petroleum gas selection in five countries; urban residence increased selection in four countries; and rising firewood and kerosene prices increased selection in three countries each. In the second stage, the quantity of liquefied petroleum gas consumed increased with rising household expenditure and decreasing price of liquefied petroleum gas in every country. Urban residence increased and engagement in agriculture decreased liquefied petroleum gas consumption. Surveys in Albania, Brazil, Mexico, and Peru, which did not report quantities, were also examined by calculating quantities using national average prices. Although fuel prices faced by individual households could not be tested, the findings largely supported those from the first six countries. Once the education levels of men and women were separately accounted for, the gender of the head of household was not statistically significant in most cases across the ten countries. Where it was significant (five equations), the sign of the coefficient was positive for men, possibly suggesting that female-headed households are burdened with unmeasured economic disadvantages, making less cash available for purchasing liquefied petroleum gas.en
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110721161347
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-5731
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/3495
dc.languageEnglish
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5731
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectACCESS TO ELECTRICITY
dc.subjectACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL RESIDUES
dc.subjectAIR POLLUTION
dc.subjectAPPLIANCES
dc.subjectAPPROACH
dc.subjectAVAILABILITY
dc.subjectAVERAGE PRICE
dc.subjectAVERAGE PRICES
dc.subjectBATTERIES
dc.subjectBIOGAS
dc.subjectBIOGAS PRODUCTION
dc.subjectBIOMASS
dc.subjectBIOMASS BURNING
dc.subjectBIOMASS COLLECTION
dc.subjectBIOMASS RESOURCES
dc.subjectBURNING CHARACTERISTICS
dc.subjectBURNING FUELS
dc.subjectCHARCOAL
dc.subjectCLEAN ENERGY
dc.subjectCO
dc.subjectCOAL
dc.subjectCOMBUSTION
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL FUELS
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL MARKET
dc.subjectCOOKING
dc.subjectDEFLATION
dc.subjectDEFORESTATION
dc.subjectDEMAND ANALYSIS
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
dc.subjectDUNG
dc.subjectDURABLE GOODS
dc.subjectEFFICIENT STOVES
dc.subjectELECTRICITY
dc.subjectELECTRICITY USERS
dc.subjectELECTRIFICATION
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectENERGY MARKET
dc.subjectENERGY NEEDS
dc.subjectENERGY POVERTY
dc.subjectENERGY SERVICES
dc.subjectENERGY SOURCE
dc.subjectENERGY SOURCES
dc.subjectENERGY USE
dc.subjectEXPENDITURE
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectFOREST COVER
dc.subjectFUEL
dc.subjectFUEL COLLECTION
dc.subjectFUEL CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectFUEL PRICES
dc.subjectFUEL SOURCE
dc.subjectFUEL SWITCHING
dc.subjectFUEL USE
dc.subjectGAS
dc.subjectGAS CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectGASEOUS FUEL
dc.subjectGASEOUS FUELS
dc.subjectGENERATION
dc.subjectHEATING
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD ENERGY
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD ENERGY NEEDS
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD ENERGY USE
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD FUEL
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD INCOME
dc.subjectINFERIOR PRODUCTS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL MARKET
dc.subjectKEROSENE
dc.subjectLIGHTING
dc.subjectLIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS
dc.subjectLIQUID FUELS
dc.subjectLPG
dc.subjectMARKETING
dc.subjectMICROWAVE OVENS
dc.subjectNATURAL GAS
dc.subjectOIL
dc.subjectPER CAPITA INCOME
dc.subjectPETROLEUM
dc.subjectPETROLEUM GAS
dc.subjectPOWER
dc.subjectPRICE CHANGES
dc.subjectPRICE CONTROL
dc.subjectPRICE EFFECT
dc.subjectPRICE ELASTICITY
dc.subjectPRICE SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectPRICE TRENDS
dc.subjectPRICE VOLATILITY
dc.subjectPRICES OF FUELS
dc.subjectPRICING POLICIES
dc.subjectPRICING POLICY
dc.subjectPRIMARY SOURCE OF ENERGY
dc.subjectPRODUCT QUALITY
dc.subjectPURCHASING
dc.subjectQUANTITY OF FUEL
dc.subjectRELEVANT MARKET
dc.subjectRELIABILITY OF SUPPLY
dc.subjectRESIDENTIAL CONSUMERS
dc.subjectRETAIL
dc.subjectRETAIL PRICE
dc.subjectRETAIL PRICES
dc.subjectRETAILING
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectRURAL HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectRURAL USER
dc.subjectSALES
dc.subjectSMOKE
dc.subjectSOLID FUEL
dc.subjectSOLID FUELS
dc.subjectSPREAD
dc.subjectSTOVES
dc.subjectSUBSTITUTE
dc.subjectSUBSTITUTION
dc.subjectSUBSTITUTION EFFECT
dc.subjectSUPPLIERS
dc.subjectSUPPLY COSTS
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE ENERGY
dc.subjectTRADITIONAL FUEL
dc.subjectTRANSPORT COSTS
dc.subjectURBAN HOUSEHOLD
dc.subjectURBAN HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectUSE OF BIOMASS
dc.titleWho Uses Bottled Gas? Evidence from Households in Developing Countriesen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleWho Uses Bottled Gas? Evidence from Households in Developing Countries
okr.date.disclosure2011-07-01
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T11:20:13.182900Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.docurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110721161347
okr.globalpracticeEnergy and Extractives
okr.guid955941468269402062
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-5731
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20110721161347
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum14612680
okr.identifier.reportWPS5731
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2011/07/21/000158349_20110721161347/Rendered/PDF/WPS5731.pdfen
okr.region.countryIndia
okr.region.countryIndonesia
okr.region.countryPakistan
okr.region.countrySri Lanka
okr.region.countryKenya
okr.region.geographicalSouth Asia
okr.topicEnergy::Renewable Energy
okr.topicEnergy::Energy Conservation & Efficiency
okr.topicEnergy::Energy Production and Transportation
okr.unitDevelopment Research Group (DECRG)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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