Publication: Kyrgyz Republic Public Expenditure Review: Creating Fiscal Space for Inclusive Growth
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Date
2020-02
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2020-02
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This Public Expenditure Review (PER) of the Kyrgyz Republic is part of the programmatic PER, which aims to help the government strengthen macro-fiscal policies and enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of public spending. To this end, this PER builds on progresses made since 2014 PER and identifies further areas for improvement. It also identifies efficiency-enhancing fiscal measures that can help create the much-needed fiscal space to meet the country's competing development needs in addressing human capital and infrastructure gaps. This PER-1 (phase 1 of the PER) focuses on macro-fiscal and overarching public expenditure management and cross-cutting policy issues by examining the country’s: (1) stance of fiscal policy, (2) public expenditure management, (3) tax policy and administration, (4) fiscal and quasi-fiscal operations of state-owned enterprises (SOEs), (5) inter-governmental transfers and subnational finances, and (6) wage bill management. Phase 2 of the PER focused on efficiency and effectiveness issues in health, education, and sustainability of the pension system.
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“World Bank. 2020. Kyrgyz Republic Public Expenditure Review: Creating Fiscal Space for Inclusive Growth. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/35789 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”
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Publication Kyrgyz Republic - Public Expenditure Review : Fiscal Policies for Growth and Poverty Reduction, Volume 2. Reform Priorities and Sector Strategies(Washington, DC, 2004-03-22)The Kyrgyz Republic suffered severe shocks during the early years of independence, loosing its traditional markets in the Former Soviet Union republics, as well as substantial transfers and subsidies from the Soviet Union, that included a falling GDP during the first five years of transition. These circumstances prompted the Kyrgyz Republic to adopt a wide range of reforms to accelerate the transition to a market economy, emphasizing price and trade liberalization, and the shift of ownership of state assets to the private sector, including land, and most state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Since the mid-l990s, the economy has shown steady signs of recovery. Despite these favorable developments, the Kyrgyz Republic remains the second poorest of the FSU republics, and one of the poorest countries in the world. Absolute poverty affected about half of the population in spite of progress made in 2001, and, although poverty is highest in rural areas, there are large regional disparities, where transient poverty is high as a result of high consumption volatility. Access to public services such as water and sewerage, electricity, district heating, and telecommunication services, is very low. This Public Expenditure Review (PER) has sought to provide a strategic framework for fiscal adjustment and public expenditure reform, consistent with the government's objectives for accelerated growth and poverty reduction. The broad contours o f the strategy are: To stabilize the government's finances through stronger revenue, and expenditure management instruments and institutions, as well as through debt relief; to re-align sector policies with the most essential country priorities, with a general thrust toward improving targeted, and efficient use of resources in both social and public infrastructure sectors; to revamp the public administration to improve policy implementation and service delivery; and, to secure external financial support. Given the fragile external debt situation and the extent of poverty, priority has to be given to fiscal adjustment and the expenditure reform agenda. Government performance needs to be monitored, particularly at the grass roots levels, through systematic diagnoses of institutional problems, and through quantitative performance indicators, to monitor progress and competition in public service delivery.Publication Kyrgyz Republic - Public Expenditure Review : Fiscal Policies for Growth and Poverty Reduction, Volume 1. Main Report(Washington, DC, 2004-03-22)The Kyrgyz Republic suffered severe shocks during the early years of independence, loosing its traditional markets in the Former Soviet Union republics, as well as substantial transfers and subsidies from the Soviet Union, that included a falling GDP during the first five years of transition. These circumstances prompted the Kyrgyz Republic to adopt a wide range of reforms to accelerate the transition to a market economy, emphasizing price and trade liberalization, and the shift of ownership of state assets to the private sector, including land, and most state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Since the mid-l990s, the economy has shown steady signs of recovery. Despite these favorable developments, the Kyrgyz Republic remains the second poorest of the FSU republics, and one of the poorest countries in the world. Absolute poverty affected about half of the population in spite of progress made in 2001, and, although poverty is highest in rural areas, there are large regional disparities, where transient poverty is high as a result of high consumption volatility. Access to public services such as water and sewerage, electricity, district heating, and telecommunication services, is very low. This Public Expenditure Review (PER) has sought to provide a strategic framework for fiscal adjustment and public expenditure reform, consistent with the government's objectives for accelerated growth and poverty reduction. The broad contours o f the strategy are: To stabilize the government's finances through stronger revenue, and expenditure management instruments and institutions, as well as through debt relief; to re-align sector policies with the most essential country priorities, with a general thrust toward improving targeted, and efficient use of resources in both social and public infrastructure sectors; to revamp the public administration to improve policy implementation and service delivery; and, to secure external financial support. Given the fragile external debt situation and the extent of poverty, priority has to be given to fiscal adjustment and the expenditure reform agenda. Government performance needs to be monitored, particularly at the grass roots levels, through systematic diagnoses of institutional problems, and through quantitative performance indicators, to monitor progress and competition in public service delivery.Publication Afghanistan Public Expenditure Review 2010 : Second Generation of Public Expenditure Reforms(World Bank, 2010-04-01)Afghanistan and its donor community face a dilemma that is critical to the country's sustained development: how to channel more foreign assistance through the government's budgetary system (i.e., core budget) in the face of a huge capacity gap to ensure effective administration of such expenditures. Without more money on budget, national objectives such as poverty reduction and the building of a stable state cannot be fully realized. Currently, 90 percent of the national budget' is externally financed. Overall aid in 2008-09 amounted to US$5.5 billion or 47 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The critical issue, however, is not so much the amount of aid, but weaknesses in its mode of delivery and impact. Three quarters of the aid bypasses the government's own budget system, moving through what is known as the 'external budget'. This dual budgetary system means that most economic activity in Afghanistan takes place outside the government's fiscal control, thus undermining the government's legitimacy and relevance to the Afghan people and weakening the budget's primacy as the tool of national policy. The aid needs to be on-budget and aligned with Afghan priorities. If the success of aid can be gauged by the extent to which it enables a recipient country to free itself of the need for that aid, then the Afghanistan foreign assistance program, as currently structured, is failing its mission. Afghanistan's fiscal sustainability, after having risen to a plateau in recent years, regressed in 2008-09 due to rising operating expenditures, mainly for security, and the country remains one of the world's most aid-dependent.Publication Romania - Building Institutions for Public Expenditure Management : Reforms, Efficiency and Equity - A Public Expenditure and Institutions Review(Washington, DC, 2002-08)This Public Expenditure and Institutions Review (PEIR) was undertaken at a critical juncture of public expenditure management in Romania. Following three years of economic decline, the economy began growing in 2000, reaching a real GDP growth rate of 5.3 percent in 2001. The Government thus defined an economic reform strategy, to move forward the banking system and enterprise privatization, contain fiscal deficit, and reduce central government expenditures, with further fiscal decentralization. The PEIR focuses on five areas: (i) Structure of central state budget; (ii) Fiscal decentralization; (iii) Social expenditure; (iv) Pension reform; and (vi) Military and defense sector budget. The PEIR presents a policy framework for enhancing the effectiveness of processing, and allocating public expenditures, to improve Treasury accounting, curbe budget ceilings by accumulating payment arrears, and, by subjecting foreign financed public investments to full budgetary scrutiny. By emphasizing accountability in the management of extra-budgetary funds, the PEIR places also a need for firmer financial foundations for health, and pension funds, as well as on reconsideration of the present education finance mechanisms. Finally, it takes a broader look towards the need to define more stable local government expenditure assignments, that clearly define local government's own functions, from delegated functions.Publication Vietnam - Managing Public Resources Better : Public Expenditure Review 2000, Volume 1. Main Report(Washington, DC, 2000-12-13)This Public Expenditure Review (PER), prepared jointly by the Government of Vietnam and donors, examines the country's public expenditure policy, and management, and, proposes ways to improve the results of its public spending program. Cross-cutting issues examined, are fiscal sustainability and transparency, expenditure management processes, and fiscal decentralization, analyzing public spending on agriculture, health, education, and transport from the perspective of growth, poverty reduction, and gender equity. The report identifies the following areas requiring action: reversing the Government's declining revenue share in GDP, and developing a medium-term fiscal outlook; improving budgetary data, and increasing the transparency of data and information; ensuring an effective process for prioritizing public expenditures; enhancing "pro-poor" bias of public expenditures; and, assessing where services can be provided by the private sector, to reduce the budgetary burden. Considering these issues, the Government can build on the extensive consultative process, already developed for this PER, and, in addition to its National Assembly, and local governments, consultations with civil society, and media representatives could also be considered by the Government.
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