Publication:
Low-Level Versus High-Level Equilibrium in Public Utility Services

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dc.contributor.authorStrand, Jon
dc.date.accessioned2012-03-19T18:03:20Z
dc.date.available2012-03-19T18:03:20Z
dc.date.issued2011-06-01
dc.description.abstractHeterogeneity of public utility services is common in developing countries. In a "high-level" equilibrium, the quality of utility services is high, consumer willingness to pay for services is high, the utility is well funded and staff well paid in order to induce high quality of performance. In a "low-level" equilibrium the opposite is the case. Which alternative occurs depends on both the quality of utility management, and public perceptions about service quality. If a utility administration has the potential to offer high-quality service, and the public is aware of this, high-quality equilibrium also requires the public s service payments to be high enough to fund the needed pay incentives for the utility staff. When the public lack knowledge about the utility administration s quality, the public s initial beliefs about the utility administration s quality also will influence their willingness to make adequate service payments for a high-quality equilibrium. This paper shows that, with low confidence, only a low-level equilibrium may exist; while with higher initial confidence, a high-level equilibrium become possible. "Intermediate" (in between the low- and high-level) outcomes also can occur in early periods, with "high-level" outcomes later on.en
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110630160244
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-5723
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/3487
dc.languageEnglish
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5723
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectAGGREGATE DEMAND
dc.subjectAGGREGATE SUPPLY
dc.subjectALLOCATION
dc.subjectASYMMETRIC INFORMATION
dc.subjectCAPITAL COSTS
dc.subjectCASH FLOW
dc.subjectCENTRAL GOVERNMENT
dc.subjectCENTRALIZATION
dc.subjectCONNECTIONS
dc.subjectCONSUMERS
dc.subjectCOST RECOVERY
dc.subjectDEBT
dc.subjectDEBT SERVICE
dc.subjectDECENTRALIZATION
dc.subjectDEEP WELLS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subjectECONOMIC THEORY
dc.subjectELECTRICITY
dc.subjectEQUILIBRIUM
dc.subjectEXCESS WATER
dc.subjectFORMAL ANALYSIS
dc.subjectFUNCTIONAL FORMS
dc.subjectFUTURE RESEARCH
dc.subjectGAME THEORY
dc.subjectGROUNDWATER
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectINCOME GROUPS
dc.subjectINDIFFERENCE CURVES
dc.subjectINEFFICIENCY
dc.subjectLDCS
dc.subjectLOCAL AUTONOMY
dc.subjectLOCAL GOVERNMENTS
dc.subjectLOCAL TAXES
dc.subjectLOW WATER
dc.subjectLOW WATER PRESSURE
dc.subjectMARGINAL REVENUE
dc.subjectNASH EQUILIBRIUM
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectPOTABLE WATER
dc.subjectPRICE INCENTIVES
dc.subjectPRICE OF WATER
dc.subjectPRIVATE OWNERSHIP
dc.subjectPRIVATE UTILITY
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPUBLIC
dc.subjectPUBLIC ECONOMICS
dc.subjectPUBLIC GOOD
dc.subjectPUBLIC GOODS
dc.subjectPUBLIC UTILITY
dc.subjectQUALITY OF SERVICE
dc.subjectROADS
dc.subjectRURAL WATER
dc.subjectRURAL WATER SUPPLY
dc.subjectSANITATION
dc.subjectSERVICE DELIVERY
dc.subjectSERVICE IMPROVEMENT
dc.subjectSERVICE IMPROVEMENTS
dc.subjectSERVICE PROVISION
dc.subjectSERVICE QUALITY
dc.subjectSEWERAGE
dc.subjectSEWERAGE SERVICE
dc.subjectTAXATION
dc.subjectTELECOMMUNICATIONS
dc.subjectTOTAL COSTS
dc.subjectURBAN RESIDENTS
dc.subjectURBAN WATER
dc.subjectUSER CHARGES
dc.subjectUTILITIES
dc.subjectUTILITY EMPLOYEES
dc.subjectUTILITY FUNCTION
dc.subjectUTILITY MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectUTILITY REVENUES
dc.subjectUTILITY SERVICES
dc.subjectUTILITY STAFF
dc.subjectVALUE OF WATER
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectWATER DEMAND
dc.subjectWATER PRICES
dc.subjectWATER RESOURCES
dc.subjectWATER SECTOR
dc.subjectWATER SERVICE
dc.subjectWATER UTILITY
dc.subjectWELLS
dc.titleLow-Level Versus High-Level Equilibrium in Public Utility Servicesen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleLow-Level versus High-Level Equilibrium in Public Utility Services
okr.date.disclosure2011-06-01
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T11:23:04.326581Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.docurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110630160244
okr.globalpracticeWater
okr.guid124891468339635998
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-5723
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20110630160244
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum14492359
okr.identifier.reportWPS5723
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2011/06/30/000158349_20110630160244/Rendered/PDF/WPS5723.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeThe World Region
okr.region.administrativeThe World Region
okr.topicWater Supply and Sanitation::Town Water Supply and Sanitation
okr.topicWater Supply and Sanitation::Urban Water Supply and Sanitation
okr.unitDevelopment Research Group (DECRG)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationc9d5219c-9076-5386-b0d2-03bab820c61d
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryc9d5219c-9076-5386-b0d2-03bab820c61d
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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