Publication: Bangladesh - Public Expenditure and Institutional Review : Towards a Better Quality of Public Expenditure - Sectoral Analysis
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2010-06-01
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2012-03-19
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Bangladesh has recorded many impressive achievements in economic and social development in the last decade and a half. It has achieved steady economic growth of over 5.5 percent annually (over 6 percent on average since 2004), maintained relatively low inflation and stable levels of domestic debt. More remarkable have been its achievements in reducing income poverty and improving social indicators, such as life expectancy, fertility control, child mortality, literacy and enrollment rates, which, in many cases, exceed other countries in the region and outside. In addition to standard expenditure policy analysis typically associated with Public Expenditure Reviews (PERs), this study combines an assessment of key institutional elements that are likely to affect budget outcomes with political economy analysis of the budget institutions, in order to discover the underlying reasons behind the existing equilibrium. While the Public Expenditure and Institutional Review (PEIR) does not include a description of the technical aspects of Public Financial Management (PFM) institutions, it makes use of the numerous studies that exist in this area to illustrate their effect on incentives. This approach is motivated by Bangladesh's long journey of 14 years towards reforming PFM systems, which is yet to result in a fundamental break with past practices of input-oriented incremental budgeting and relatively weak expenditure controls, especially at the sector-specific level. This requires different thinking and an approach aimed at addressing the incentive structure of those who can influence more fundamental reforms in PFM.
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“World Bank. 2010. Bangladesh - Public Expenditure and Institutional Review : Towards a Better Quality of Public Expenditure - Sectoral Analysis. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2876 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”
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Publication Bangladesh - Public Expenditure and Institutional Review : Towards a Better Quality of Public Expenditure - Main Report(World Bank, 2010-06-01)Bangladesh has recorded many impressive achievements in economic and social development in the last decade and a half. It has achieved steady economic growth of over 5.5 percent annually (over 6 percent on average since 2004), maintained relatively low inflation and stable levels of domestic debt. More remarkable have been its achievements in reducing income poverty and improving social indicators, such as life expectancy, fertility control, child mortality, literacy and enrollment rates, which, in many cases, exceed other countries in the region and outside. In addition to standard expenditure policy analysis typically associated with Public Expenditure Reviews (PERs), this study combines an assessment of key institutional elements that are likely to affect budget outcomes with political economy analysis of the budget institutions, in order to discover the underlying reasons behind the existing equilibrium. While the Public Expenditure and Institutional Review (PEIR) does not include a description of the technical aspects of Public Financial Management (PFM) institutions, it makes use of the numerous studies that exist in this area to illustrate their effect on incentives. This approach is motivated by Bangladesh's long journey of 14 years towards reforming PFM systems, which is yet to result in a fundamental break with past practices of input-oriented incremental budgeting and relatively weak expenditure controls, especially at the sector-specific level. 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It was structured around four strategy areas: (i) promoting strong, sustainable, high quality and pro-poor economic growth, (ii) significantly improving access of the entire population to basic social services, (iii) improving infrastructure, and (iv) promoting good governance. The analysis of budgetary expenditure in the priority sectors during the period 2006-08, shows that this expenditure was far below the envisaged envelopes. The achievement rates for road programs fluctuate between 0 percent and 55 percent. This may partly explain the slow progress towards achieving the millennium development goals (MDGs).Publication Honduras : Public Expenditure Review, Volume 1. Executive Summary and Main Report(Washington, DC, 2007-11-19)Macroeconomic developments in Honduras over the last four years have been generally favorable, largely reflecting a benign external environment. Honduras' medium-term macroeconomic outlook, however, is clouded by several significant fiscal challenges. 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Presenting the findings of a series of studies and notes compiled sice April 2009, it highlights how reforming such spending, which comprises about one quarter of gross domestic product (GDP), is essential for mitigating the impact of the economic crisis and for transforming Poland from a welfare state to a workfare society in line with Government's Vision 2030. The report has two main messages. First, Poland can take measures to reduce public expenditures on social sectors and public wages by around 2.3 percentage points over the next three years. Second, beyond supporting the fiscal adjustment required in the context of the economic crisis, public expenditure reforms can also help bring about structural changes envisioned as part of the Government's strategy for 2030. This report provides a comprehensive assessment of Poland's social sector and public wage polices and lays out options for reform. The summary report has five parts. The first part lays out the macroeconomic context. It emphasizes that Poland has weathered the global economic crisis remarkably well but that the recovery is likely to be feeble and subject to uncertainty. The next part discusses the fiscal fallout of the crisis and argues that public expenditure reform should be a crucial pillar for fiscal consolidation. Sections three to five contain the main findings of the report. Section three presents a list of important reforms of public expenditures on social sectors and wages in support of Vision 2030. Section four simulates the fiscal impact of public expenditure reforms, with a particular focus on state budget expenditures. The final section discusses how institutional reforms in the areas of medium-term and performance-based budget can support the reform agenda. Volume two presents the detailed analyses of social sectors and institutional reforms of public finance.Publication Liberia : Agriculture Sector Public Expenditure Review(Washington, DC, 2013-01)This basic Agriculture Public Expenditure Review (AgPER) documents and analyzes information on the volume and structure of Liberia's past public expenditure on the agriculture sector and draws conclusions that can provide an orientation for future policies in view of the effectiveness of spending. The AgPER's focus is on the sectors of agriculture, including crops, fisheries, and forestry, in line with the New Partnership for African Development's (NEPAD) definition of the sectors of focus. This is in accordance with the Maputo Declaration and its target that governments devote ten percent of public expenditure for agricultural development with an aim towards realizing food security and poverty reduction.
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