Publication:
Economic Impacts of China's Accession to the World Trade Organization

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dc.contributor.authorIanchovichina, Elena
dc.contributor.authorMartin, William
dc.date.accessioned2014-05-09T18:36:41Z
dc.date.available2014-05-09T18:36:41Z
dc.date.issued2003-05
dc.description.abstractIanchovichina and Martin present estimates of the impact of accession by China and Chinese Taipei to the World Trade Organization. China is estimated to be the biggest beneficiary, followed by Chinese Taipei and their major trading partners. Accession will boost the labor-intensive manufacturing sectors in China, especially the textiles and apparel sector that will benefit directly from the removal of quotas on textiles and apparel exports to North America and Western Europe. Consequently, developing economies competing with China in third markets may suffer relatively small losses. China has already benefited from the reforms undertaken between 1995 and 2001 (US$31 billion) and trade reforms after accession will lead to additional gains of around $US10 billion. Accession will have important distributional consequences for China, with wages of skilled workers and unskilled nonfarm workers rising in real terms and relative to farm incomes. Reduction in agricultural protection may hurt some farmers. Possible policy changes considered to offset these impacts include reductions in barriers to labor mobility and improvements in rural education. The authors estimate that the removal of the hukou system would raise farm wages and allow 28 million workers to migrate to nonfarm jobs. If, in addition, there is an increase in education spending that results in a percentage point increase in the annual skilled labor growth rate, approximately 32 million farm workers would leave their job for jobs in the nonfarm sectors. These policies would not only facilitate the evolution of China's economy toward high-technology manufacturing and services, they have the potential to much more than offset any negative impacts of accession on rural wages and rural incomes generally.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/05/2384816/economic-impacts-chinas-accession-world-trade-organization
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-3053
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/18212
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper;No. 3053
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectACCESSION
dc.subjectACCESSION AGREEMENT
dc.subjectACCESSION AGREEMENTS
dc.subjectACCESSION COMMITMENTS
dc.subjectACCESSION PROCESS
dc.subjectACCESSION TO THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectACCESSION TO WTO
dc.subjectADVERSE IMPACTS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL EXPORT SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL RETURNS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL SECTOR
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL SECTORS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectAPPAREL
dc.subjectAPPAREL EXPORTS
dc.subjectAPPAREL SECTOR
dc.subjectAUTOMOBILE SECTOR
dc.subjectAVERAGE TARIFF
dc.subjectAVERAGE TARIFF RATES
dc.subjectAVERAGE TARIFFS
dc.subjectBASE YEAR
dc.subjectBENCHMARK
dc.subjectBENCHMARK DATA
dc.subjectCAPACITY BUILDING
dc.subjectCAPITAL FLOWS
dc.subjectCAPITAL GOODS
dc.subjectCAPITAL PER WORKER
dc.subjectCUSTOMS
dc.subjectCUSTOMS UNION
dc.subjectDOMESTIC MARKET
dc.subjectDOMESTIC MARKETS
dc.subjectDOMESTIC PRODUCERS
dc.subjectDOMESTIC REGULATIONS
dc.subjectDUTY EXEMPTIONS
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC IMPACTS
dc.subjectECONOMIC POLICY
dc.subjectECONOMIES OF SCALE
dc.subjectELASTICITIES
dc.subjectELASTICITY
dc.subjectELASTICITY OF TRANSFORMATION
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectEQUILIBRIUM
dc.subjectEXCHANGE RATE
dc.subjectEXCHANGE RATE REGIME
dc.subjectEXPORT PROCESSING
dc.subjectEXPORT PRODUCTION
dc.subjectEXPORT SECTOR
dc.subjectEXPORT SHARE
dc.subjectEXPORT SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectEXPORT SUBSIDY
dc.subjectEXPORT TAX
dc.subjectEXPORT-ORIENTED ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectEXPORTERS
dc.subjectFINISHED GOODS
dc.subjectFOREIGN ENTRY
dc.subjectFOREIGN EXCHANGE
dc.subjectFOREIGN FIRMS
dc.subjectFOREIGN INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFULL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL
dc.subjectGROWTH RATE
dc.subjectGROWTH RATES
dc.subjectHARMONIZATION
dc.subjectHARMONIZATION PROGRAM
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectIMPORT PROTECTION
dc.subjectIMPORTED
dc.subjectIMPORTED INPUTS
dc.subjectIMPORTED INTERMEDIATE
dc.subjectIMPORTED INTERMEDIATES
dc.subjectIMPORTS
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME TRANSFERS
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE
dc.subjectINTERMEDIATE IMPORTS
dc.subjectINTERMEDIATE INPUTS
dc.subjectINTERMEDIATES
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL CAPITAL
dc.subjectINVESTMENT LEVELS
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET DISTORTIONS
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET POLICIES
dc.subjectLABOR MARKETS
dc.subjectLABOR MOBILITY
dc.subjectLABOR MOVEMENT
dc.subjectLABOR SUPPLY
dc.subjectLOCAL CONTENT
dc.subjectLOCAL MARKET
dc.subjectLOSS OF TARIFF REVENUE
dc.subjectMANUFACTURING SECTORS
dc.subjectMARKET DISTORTIONS
dc.subjectMARKET IMPERFECTIONS
dc.subjectMERCHANDISE TRADE
dc.subjectMERCHANDISE TRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectMETALS
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS
dc.subjectNEGATIVE PROTECTION
dc.subjectNON-AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectNONTARIFF BARRIER
dc.subjectNONTARIFF BARRIERS
dc.subjectOIL
dc.subjectOPEN ECONOMY
dc.subjectPOLICY CHANGES
dc.subjectPOLICY INSTRUMENTS
dc.subjectPOLICY REFORMS
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subjectPRICE CHANGES
dc.subjectPRODUCERS
dc.subjectPRODUCTION STRUCTURE
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
dc.subjectPROTECTION DATA
dc.subjectPROTECTIVE IMPACT
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICES
dc.subjectQUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS
dc.subjectQUOTA RENTS
dc.subjectQUOTAS
dc.subjectRATES OF PROTECTION
dc.subjectREAL WAGES
dc.subjectREDUCING TARIFFS
dc.subjectREDUCTION IN TARIFFS
dc.subjectREFORM PROGRAM
dc.subjectROUND AGREEMENT
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectRURAL LABOR
dc.subjectRURAL SECTOR
dc.subjectRURAL WAGES
dc.subjectRURAL WORKERS
dc.subjectSAFEGUARD ACTIONS
dc.subjectSERVICE SECTORS
dc.subjectSTATE TRADING
dc.subjectSTRUCTURAL CHANGE
dc.subjectSTRUCTURAL CHANGES
dc.subjectTARIFF BINDINGS
dc.subjectTARIFF DATA
dc.subjectTARIFF LEVELS
dc.subjectTARIFF LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectTARIFF LINES
dc.subjectTARIFF RATES
dc.subjectTARIFF REDUCTIONS
dc.subjectTARIFF REFORM
dc.subjectTOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectTOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
dc.subjectTRADE BALANCE
dc.subjectTRADE DATA
dc.subjectTRADE FLOWS
dc.subjectTRADE POLICIES
dc.subjectTRADE POLICY
dc.subjectTRADE REFORM
dc.subjectTRADE REFORMS
dc.subjectTRADE REGIME
dc.subjectTRADE VOLUMES
dc.subjectTRADING ARRANGEMENTS
dc.subjectTRADING PARTNERS
dc.subjectTRADING SYSTEM
dc.subjectTRANSITIONAL PRODUCT
dc.subjectTRANSPORT SERVICES
dc.subjectUNDERESTIMATES
dc.subjectUNSKILLED WORKERS
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectURBAN EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectURBAN WORKERS
dc.subjectURUGUAY ROUND
dc.subjectVALUE OF IMPORTS
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectWHOLESALE PRICES
dc.subjectWORLD ECONOMY
dc.subjectWORLD PRICES
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE
dc.subjectWORLD TRADING SYSTEM
dc.subjectWTO
dc.subjectWTO ACCESSION ECONOMIC IMPACT
dc.subjectBENEFICIARY CAPACITY
dc.subjectTRADING
dc.subjectMANUFACTURING
dc.subjectTEXTILES
dc.subjectAPPAREL
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectSKILLED WORKERS
dc.subjectFARMERS
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectRURAL EDUCATION
dc.subjectLABOR MOBILITY
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectWTO ACCESSION
dc.subjectECONOMIC IMPACT
dc.titleEconomic Impacts of China's Accession to the World Trade Organizationen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaJobs
okr.crossref.titleEconomic Impacts of China’s Accession to the World Trade Organization
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T10:30:36.078276Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/05/2384816/economic-impacts-chinas-accession-world-trade-organization
okr.globalpracticeSocial Protection and Labor
okr.globalpracticeTrade and Competitiveness
okr.guid774301468770472972
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-3053
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000094946_03061804170193
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum2384816
okr.identifier.reportWPS3053
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2003/06/30/000094946_03061804170193/Rendered/PDF/multi0page.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeEast Asia and Pacific
okr.region.countryChina
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::World Trade Organization
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Trade and Regional Integration
okr.topicSocial Protections and Labor::Labor Policies
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Trade Policy
okr.topicBanks and Banking Reform
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Free Trade
okr.topicEconomic Theory and Research
okr.topicEnvironmental Economics and Policies
okr.unitEconomic Policy Division, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network
okr.volume1
relation.isAuthorOfPublication814995f9-044c-566a-9355-890a6ac260ae
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationd6af18a6-3a50-5065-99ee-20853402f262
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryd6af18a6-3a50-5065-99ee-20853402f262
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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