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Maternal Mental Health and Its Influence on Children’s Early Development: Evidence from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

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dc.contributor.authorTahir-Chowdhry, Mahreen
dc.contributor.authorHentschel, Elizabeth
dc.contributor.authorTomlinson, Heather
dc.contributor.authorAnsari, Amna
dc.contributor.authorHasan, Amer
dc.contributor.authorYousafzai, Aisha
dc.contributor.authorHussain, Naveed
dc.date.accessioned2024-11-20T21:57:57Z
dc.date.available2024-11-20T21:57:57Z
dc.date.issued2024-11-20
dc.description.abstractThis paper reports on the prevalence of three facets of mental health—depression, anxiety, and parenting stress—among mothers of children ages 0–6 years in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Data from mother-child dyads were analyzed to examine differences in maternal mental health and early childhood development outcomes by maternal educational attainment, urban versus rural setting, and refugee versus non-refugee status. The analysis finds a higher prevalence of self-reported mental health concerns among refugee, less-educated, and rural mothers relative to non-refugee, more-educated, and urban mothers. Maternal mental health concerns are significantly associated with lower levels of early childhood development. This paper also analyzes how exposure to stressors such as food insecurity, financial insecurity, being impacted by flooding, community crime, discrimination, and domestic violence exacerbate both maternal mental health and child outcomes. The regression analyses indicate a significant and negative compounding interaction of maternal depression, anxiety, and parenting stress on early childhood development for younger (0–3 years) and older (3–6 years) children, even after controlling for stressors and other covariates. Policy improvements are needed that focus on at-risk communities, providing mental health services and reducing exposure to stressors within communities and households.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099533311142427027/IDU1b32a53de1613114eb1195bc1e2e662f861f0
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-10975
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/42445
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC: World Bank
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper; 10975
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectEARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT (ECD)
dc.subjectDEPRESSION
dc.subjectANXIETY
dc.subjectPARENTING STRESS
dc.subjectFRAGILE, CONFLICT AND VIOLENCE-AFFECTED (FCV)
dc.subjectREFUGEES
dc.titleMaternal Mental Health and Its Influence on Children’s Early Developmenten
dc.title.subtitleEvidence from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistanen
dc.typeWorking Paper
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.associatedcontenthttps://reproducibility.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/210 Link to reproducibility package
okr.crossref.titleMaternal Mental Health and Its Influence on Children’s Early Development: Evidence from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
okr.date.disclosure2024-11-20
okr.date.lastmodified2024-11-14T00:00:00Zen
okr.doctypePolicy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099533311142427027/IDU1b32a53de1613114eb1195bc1e2e662f861f0
okr.guid099533311142427027
okr.identifier.docmidIDU-b32a53de-6131-4eb1-95bc-e2e662f861f0
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-10975
okr.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-10975
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum34422365
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum34422365
okr.identifier.reportWPS10975
okr.import.id5831
okr.importedtrueen
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099533311142427027/pdf/IDU1b32a53de1613114eb1195bc1e2e662f861f0.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeSouth Asia
okr.region.countryPakistan
okr.sectorHealth-HG,Primary Education,Secondary Education,Other Education
okr.themeHealth Systems and Policies,Mitigation,Job Creation,Gender,Human Development and Gender,Access to Education,Environment and Natural Resource Management,Disease Control,Private Sector Development,Health Service Delivery,Health System Strengthening,Pandemic Response,Child Health,Climate change,Jobs,Adaptation,Education Governance, School-Based Management,Teachers,Education
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Health Economics & Finance
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Health and Poverty
okr.topicEducation::Economics of Education
okr.topicEducation::Education For All
okr.unitEducation SAR2 (HSAE2)
okr.unitPeople - Education Global (HEDGE)
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationef08efb0-dbe1-5bbb-862c-06d9464d6e22
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relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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