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Breadwinners and Caregivers: Examining the Global Relationship between Gender Norms and Economic Behavior

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dc.contributor.authorGonzalez Martinez, Paula Lorena
dc.contributor.authorKilic, Talip
dc.contributor.authorPapineni, Sreelakshmi
dc.contributor.authorWollburg, Philip Randolph
dc.contributor.authorGoldstein, Markus
dc.date.accessioned2024-02-05T17:16:53Z
dc.date.available2024-02-05T17:16:53Z
dc.date.issued2024-02-01
dc.description.abstractGender norms are often emphasized to help explain gender gaps in the labor market. This paper examines global patterns of gender attitudes and norms toward the stereotypical gender roles of the male breadwinner and female caregiver, and broad support for gender equality in opportunities, and studies their relationship with economic behavior. Using data collected via Facebook from 150,000 individuals across 111 countries the paper explores how gender beliefs and norms are related to labor supply, household production, and intrahousehold decision-making power within a country. The paper provides descriptive evidence that the more gender equitable or counter-stereotypical are beliefs and norms, the more likely women are to work, the more time men spend on household chores, and the higher the likelihood of joint decision-making among couples. The findings suggest an underestimation of the support for gender equality globally and the extent of underestimation varies by gender and region. The paper concludes with a discussion of potential entry points for policy to help address gender norms.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099821402012437374/IDU1bf06cd191699f1462f18236168ed5e5295bf
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-10692
dc.identifier.urihttps://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/40999
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWashington, DC: World Bank
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper; 10692
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectGENDER GAP
dc.subjectGENDER GAP IN THE WORKFORCE
dc.subjectDIVISION OF LABOR
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD MAINTENANCE
dc.subjectGENDER AND EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectAFRICA GENDER POLICY
dc.subjectGENDER INNOVATION LAB
dc.subjectWOMEN AND PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectWOMEN AND SOCIAL NORMS
dc.titleBreadwinners and Caregiversen
dc.title.subtitleExamining the Global Relationship between Gender Norms and Economic Behavioren
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.associatedcontenthttps://reproducibility.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/109 Link to reproducibility package
okr.crossref.titleBreadwinners and Caregivers: Examining the Global Relationship between Gender Norms and Economic Behavior
okr.date.disclosure2024-02-01
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-23T02:23:15.415486Z
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-29T02:38:07.558246Z
okr.date.lastmodified2024-02-01T00:00:00Zen
okr.doctypePolicy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099821402012437374/IDU1bf06cd191699f1462f18236168ed5e5295bf
okr.guid099821402012437374
okr.identifier.docmidIDU-bf06cd19-699f-462f-8236-68ed5e5295bf
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-10692
okr.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-10692
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum34249852
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum34249852
okr.identifier.reportWPS10692
okr.import.id3066
okr.importedtrueen
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099821402012437374/pdf/IDU1bf06cd191699f1462f18236168ed5e5295bf.pdfen
okr.region.geographicalWorld
okr.topicGender::Gender Informatics
okr.topicGender::Gender Monitoring and Evaluation
okr.topicGender::Gender And Economics
okr.unitGender Impact Evaluation (AFEGI)
okr.unitDevelopment Data Group (DECDG)
okr.volume
relation.isAuthorOfPublication442e6ddc-d567-5db8-8fea-62f71781ad6a
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery442e6ddc-d567-5db8-8fea-62f71781ad6a
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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