Publication:
Lessons from China for Africa

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dc.contributor.authorDollar, David
dc.date.accessioned2012-05-29T18:31:04Z
dc.date.available2012-05-29T18:31:04Z
dc.date.issued2008-02
dc.description.abstractChina has been the most successful developing country in this modern era of globalization. Since initiating economic reform after 1978, its economy has expanded at a steady rate over 8 percent per capita, fueling historically unprecedented poverty reduction (the poverty rate declined from over 60 percent to 7 percent in 2007). Other developing countries struggling to grow and reduce poverty are naturally interested in what has been the source of this impressive growth and what, if any, lessons they can take from China. This paper focuses on four features of modern China that have changed significantly between the pre-reform period and today. The Chinese themselves call their reform program Gai Ge Kai Feng, "change the system, open the door." "Change the system" means altering incentives and ownership, that is, shifting the economy from near total state ownership to one in which private enterprise is dominant. "Open the door" means exactly what it says, liberalizing trade and direct investment. A third lesson is the development of high-quality infrastructure: China's good roads, reliable power, world-class ports, and excellent cell phone coverage throughout the country are apparent to any visitor. What is less well known is that most of this infrastructure has been developed through a policy of "cost recovery" that prices infrastructure services at levels sufficient to finance the capital cost as well as operations and maintenance. A fourth important lesson is China's careful attention to agriculture and rural development, complemented by rural-urban migration.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/02/9032996/lessons-china-africa
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-4531
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/6581
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper; No. 4531
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectADULT POPULATION
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL OUTPUT
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
dc.subjectAIR
dc.subjectAIR POLLUTION
dc.subjectAIR QUALITY
dc.subjectAUTO INDUSTRY
dc.subjectBASIC NEEDS
dc.subjectBUS
dc.subjectCAPACITY BUILDING
dc.subjectCAPITAL GRANTS
dc.subjectCAR
dc.subjectCAR USE
dc.subjectCARS
dc.subjectCASH CROPS
dc.subjectCENTRAL GOVERNMENTS
dc.subjectCITIZENS
dc.subjectCLOSED ECONOMIES
dc.subjectCOAL
dc.subjectCOMMODITIES
dc.subjectCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
dc.subjectCULTURAL CHANGE
dc.subjectDEBT
dc.subjectDEBTS
dc.subjectDECISION MAKING
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRY
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
dc.subjectDIESEL
dc.subjectDIRECT FOREIGN INVESTMENT
dc.subjectDIRECT INVESTMENT
dc.subjectDOLLAR PRICE
dc.subjectDOMESTIC INVESTORS
dc.subjectDRIVING
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectECONOMIC REFORM
dc.subjectENERGY EFFICIENCY
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS
dc.subjectEQUITY INVESTMENT
dc.subjectEXCESS MORTALITY
dc.subjectEXPRESSWAYS
dc.subjectEXTERNALITIES
dc.subjectFAMILY MEMBERS
dc.subjectFARMS
dc.subjectFLEETS
dc.subjectFOREIGN INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFOREIGN INVESTORS
dc.subjectFOREIGN TRADE
dc.subjectFOREST COVER
dc.subjectFUEL
dc.subjectGASOLINE
dc.subjectGASOLINE PRICES
dc.subjectGLOBAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectGLOBAL MARKET
dc.subjectGLOBALIZATION
dc.subjectGOOD TRANSPORT
dc.subjectGRAIN PRODUCTION
dc.subjectGROWTH RATE
dc.subjectGROWTH RATES
dc.subjectHIGHWAY
dc.subjectHIGHWAY TOLLS
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD WORK
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectIMPORTS
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOMES
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION
dc.subjectINFRASTRUCTURE FINANCE
dc.subjectINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT
dc.subjectINTEREST RATES
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL MARKET
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectINVESTMENT CLIMATE
dc.subjectJOINT VENTURES
dc.subjectJURISDICTION
dc.subjectLABOR COSTS
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectLABOR SUPPLY
dc.subjectLAND TENURE
dc.subjectLEGAL MIGRANTS
dc.subjectLIFE EXPECTANCY
dc.subjectLIVING STANDARDS
dc.subjectLOCAL AUTHORITIES
dc.subjectLOCAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectLOCAL GOVERNMENT
dc.subjectLOCAL GOVERNMENTS
dc.subjectMARKET PRICE
dc.subjectMARKET PRICES
dc.subjectMEAT
dc.subjectMIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectMIGRANT
dc.subjectMIGRANTS
dc.subjectMOBILITY
dc.subjectMORTGAGE
dc.subjectMOTOR VEHICLE
dc.subjectMOTOR VEHICLE USE
dc.subjectNATIONAL POLICIES
dc.subjectNATURAL ENVIRONMENT
dc.subjectNATURAL GAS
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCE
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectNEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES
dc.subjectNUMBER OF MIGRANTS
dc.subjectNUMBER OF WORKERS
dc.subjectOPEN DOOR
dc.subjectOPEN DOOR POLICY
dc.subjectOPEN MARKETS
dc.subjectPACIFIC REGION
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
dc.subjectPOLLUTION
dc.subjectPOLLUTION LEVELS
dc.subjectPOPULATION DECLINE
dc.subjectPOPULATION GROWTH
dc.subjectPOPULATION GROWTH RATE
dc.subjectPOPULATION GROWTH RATES
dc.subjectPOPULATION PRESSURE
dc.subjectPORTFOLIO
dc.subjectPORTFOLIO FLOWS
dc.subjectPORTFOLIO INVESTMENT
dc.subjectPOVERTY LINE
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subjectPOWER OUTAGES
dc.subjectPOWER PLANTS
dc.subjectPRICE OF GASOLINE
dc.subjectPRIVATE INVESTMENT
dc.subjectPRIVATIZATION
dc.subjectPRODUCERS
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPROGRESS
dc.subjectPROPERTY RIGHTS
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICES
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSPORT
dc.subjectRAIL
dc.subjectRAIL NETWORK
dc.subjectRAILROADS
dc.subjectRAILWAY
dc.subjectRAILWAYS
dc.subjectRAPID DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectRAPID EXPANSION
dc.subjectRAPID GROWTH
dc.subjectRATE OF GROWTH
dc.subjectRATE OF RETURN
dc.subjectRATE OF RETURN ON CAPITAL
dc.subjectREFORM PROGRAM
dc.subjectREGISTRATION SYSTEM
dc.subjectREGULATORY FRAMEWORKS
dc.subjectREMITTANCES
dc.subjectRENEWABLE ENERGY
dc.subjectREPAYMENT
dc.subjectRESOURCE USE
dc.subjectROADS
dc.subjectRURAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectRURAL POPULATION
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSAVINGS RATES
dc.subjectSOCIAL ISSUES
dc.subjectSPILLOVER
dc.subjectSTATE ENTERPRISE
dc.subjectSTATE ENTERPRISES
dc.subjectSTOCK MARKET
dc.subjectSUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
dc.subjectTAX
dc.subjectTAX RATE
dc.subjectTELEPHONE LINE
dc.subjectTOLL
dc.subjectTOLL ROAD
dc.subjectTOLL ROADS
dc.subjectTOLLS
dc.subjectTRADE REGIME
dc.subjectTRADING
dc.subjectTRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectTRANSPORT MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectTRIP
dc.subjectTRUE
dc.subjectURBAN MIGRATION
dc.subjectURBAN TRANSPORT
dc.subjectURBANIZATION
dc.subjectVEHICLES
dc.subjectWATER POLLUTION
dc.subjectWILLINGNESS TO PAY
dc.subjectWORLD ECONOMY
dc.titleLessons from China for Africaen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleLessons From China For Africa
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T11:12:05.624393Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/02/9032996/lessons-china-africa
okr.globalpracticeTransport and ICT
okr.globalpracticeEnvironment and Natural Resources
okr.globalpracticeFinance and Markets
okr.globalpracticeTrade and Competitiveness
okr.globalpracticeHealth, Nutrition, and Population
okr.guid708811468194660656
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-4531
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20080225161200
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum9032996
okr.identifier.reportWPS4531
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2008/02/25/000158349_20080225161200/Rendered/PDF/wps4531.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeAfrica
okr.region.administrativeEast Asia and Pacific
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Population Policies
okr.topicFinance and Financial Sector Development::Debt Markets
okr.topicPrivate Sector Development::Emerging Markets
okr.topicTransport Economics Policy and Planning
okr.topicEnvironmental Economics and Policies
okr.topicEnvironment
okr.topicTransport
okr.unitDevelopment Research Group (DECRG)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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