Publication:
Exports and Women Workers in Formal Firms

Simple item page
dc.contributor.authorAmin, Mohammad
dc.contributor.authorIslam, Asif M.
dc.date.accessioned2021-01-28T15:58:15Z
dc.date.available2021-01-28T15:58:15Z
dc.date.issued2021-01
dc.description.abstractTheory suggests several ways in which exporting may benefit women’s employment. However, the empirical evidence is mixed and limited, especially for developing countries. This paper uses firm-level survey data for 91 developing countries to estimate the relationship between exporting and the share of women workers at the firm. The analysis pays close attention to endogeneity concerns. First, it proxies a given firms’ exports by the average exports of all other firms in the same country-year-industry cell. Second, it exploits the repeated cross-section nature of the data and analyzes how changes over time in exporting activity are associated with changes in the share of women workers. The strategy is more immune to endogeneity problems than pure cross-section regressions. Third, it tests several mechanism or mediating factors as predicted by the theory through which exporting impacts women’s employment prospects. The predictions are confirmed in the data, an unlikely scenario if exports were a mere proxy for other correlated drivers of women’s employment. The results show a large, positive impact of higher exports on the share of women workers. A conservative estimate is that for each percentage point increase in the ratio of exports to total sales, the share of women workers increases by 0.16 percentage point. Consistent with the theoretical predictions, this positive relationship is much larger (more positive) in industries that rely more on women workers, in country-industry pairs where competitive pressure is largely from international markets in comparison to less competitive domestic markets, when social attitudes and labor laws are more favorable toward women’s work, and when the law and order situation is more business friendly.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/239241611764251805/Exports-and-Women-Workers-in-Formal-Firms
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-9527
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/35074
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper;No. 9527
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.subjectFEMALE WORKERS
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectFEMALE EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectTRADE
dc.subjectWOMEN WORKERS
dc.subjectGLOBALIZATION
dc.subjectGLOBAL VALUE CHAIN
dc.titleExports and Women Workers in Formal Firmsen
dc.typeWorking Paperen
dc.typeDocument de travailfr
dc.typeDocumento de trabajoes
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleExports and Women Workers in Formal Firms
okr.date.disclosure2021-01-27
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T11:48:14.428821Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/239241611764251805/Exports-and-Women-Workers-in-Formal-Firms
okr.guid239241611764251805
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-9527
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum090224b088224113_1_0
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum32782228
okr.identifier.reportWPS9527
okr.importedtrueen
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/239241611764251805/pdf/Exports-and-Women-Workers-in-Formal-Firms.pdfen
okr.statistics.combined1215
okr.statistics.dr239241611764251805
okr.statistics.drstats632
okr.topicGender::Gender and Development
okr.topicGender::Gender and Economics
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Export Competitiveness
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Trade Policy
okr.topicPrivate Sector Development::Private Sector Economics
okr.topicSocial Protections and Labor::Labor Markets
okr.unitGlobal Indicators Group, Development Economics
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
Files
Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
Thumbnail Image
Name:
Exports-and-Women-Workers-in-Formal-Firms.pdf
Size:
2.61 MB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Download
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
Exports-and-Women-Workers-in-Formal-Firms.txt
Size:
219.55 KB
Format:
Plain Text
Download
License bundle
Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
license.txt
Size:
1.71 KB
Format:
Plain Text
Description:
Download
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
license.txt
Size:
1.71 KB
Format:
Plain Text
Description:
Download
Collections
Policy Research Working Papers