Publication:
Local Governments Climate Finance Instruments - Global Experiences and Prospects in Developing Countries

Loading...
Thumbnail Image
Files in English
English PDF (9.71 MB)
1,573 downloads
English Text (341.28 KB)
95 downloads
Date
2024-04-15
ISSN
Published
2024-04-15
Editor(s)
Abstract
Local governments—especially cities and municipalities—in developing countries will be at the forefront of confronting and mitigating the impacts of climate change, and they need substantial financing to address this challenge. However, they often lack the fiscal resources for such investments. To address this financing gap, they will need to utilize a variety of financing sources and instruments. This joint publication of the World Bank and the UN Capital Development Fund aims to help cities and local governments better understand the various climate finance instruments and sources available to them, including intergovernmental fiscal transfers, own-source revenues, municipal borrowing (loans and bonds), public-private partnerships and credit-enhancement instruments such as guarantees. It provides information on each of these instruments - organized in a conceptual framework – and highlights international experience and 18 case studies on their use from around the world. The report also recommends various actions that cities, local and national governments and development partners can take to increase access to these instruments to help meet climate investment needs in cities.
Link to Data Set
Citation
World Bank; United Nations Capital Development Fund. 2024. Local Governments Climate Finance Instruments - Global Experiences and Prospects in Developing Countries. © World Bank and UNCDF . http://hdl.handle.net/10986/41417 License: CC BY-NC 3.0 IGO.
Associated URLs
Associated content
Report Series
Other publications in this report series
Journal
Journal Volume
Journal Issue

Related items

Showing items related by metadata.

  • Publication
    Sustainable Agricultural Productivity Growth and Bridging the Gap for Small-Family Farms
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2012-06-12) Biodiversity International; CGIAR Consortium; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; International Fund for Agricultural Development; International Food Policy Research Institute; Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; United Nations Conference on Trade and Development; United Nations High Level Task Force on Global Food Security; World Food Programme; World Bank; World Trade Organization
    Global agriculture will face multiple challenges over the coming decades. It must produce more food to feed an increasingly affluent and growing world population that will demand a more diverse diet, contribute to overall development and poverty alleviation in many developing countries, confront increased competition for alternative uses of finite land and water resources, adapt to climate change, and contribute to preserving biodiversity and restoring fragile ecosystems. Climate change will bring higher average temperatures, changes in rainfall patterns, and more frequent extreme events, multiplying the threats to sustainable food security. Addressing these challenges requires co-ordinated responses from the public and private sectors and civil society that will need to be adapted to the specific circumstances of different types of farmers in countries at all levels of development. The recommendations provided are broadly of two types: specific actions that can contribute in some way to improving productivity growth or sustainable resource use (whether building on existing initiatives or suggesting new activities) and more general proposals that may not be actionable as presented but that serve to highlight areas for priority attention. This report also invites G20 countries to engage in a medium, to long-term, analysis-based peer review of policies fostering sustainable productivity growth, which would identify specific constraints and opportunities, beginning with their own food and agriculture sectors. In addition to possible benefits to participating countries, a peer review process could contribute to the identification of best policies and best policy packages to achieve the widely held aim of sustainably improving productivity of the global food and agriculture system. While such an initiative is proposed to and for G20 countries, it could have much wider application to interested countries.
  • Publication
    Financing Vietnam's Response to Climate Change
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2015-05-04) Vietnam Ministry of Planning and Investment; World Bank Group; United Nations Development Programme
    The Government of Vietnam (GoV) has conducted a Climate Public Expenditure and Investment Review (CPEIR) with the support of the World Bank and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The review examined Vietnam’s policies and climate change expenditure for the period 2010–2013 from five ministries (MONRE, MOIT, MARD, MOC, and MOT) and three provinces (Bac Ninh, Quang Nam and An Giang). To assess the public expenditure and improve alignment with policy goals and targets, a Typology of Climate Change Response Expenditures (TCCRE) was developed. This typology was used to classify the government’s spending on its climate change response into three pillars: (i) Policy and Governance (PG), (ii) Scientific, Technological and Societal Capacity (ST), and (iii) Climate Change Delivery (CCD). The typology also examined how expenditure within each pillar and in each sector is relevant to Vietnam’s climate change response (CC-response). Since roughly 70 percent of the total investment spending is allocated at the provincial level, the analysis does not represent the totality of Vietnam’s CC-response, but still offers substantive insight into spending, in particular through a comprehensive focus on the five key line ministries. Based on its findings, the CPEIR proposes solutions for how to accelerate Vietnam’s CC-response through the state budget and informs decision makers on readiness for scaling up the CC-response while increasing coherence across sectors’ and provinces’ policies. The CPEIR report is released at an opportune time, allowing the review’s recommendations to inform the formulation and implementation of the SEDP 2016–2020, and enabling/ promoting the GoV’s post-2015 climate change and green growth response program.
  • Publication
    Angola : Public Expenditure Review, Volume 1. Policy Briefing
    (Washington, DC, 2007-12-20) World Bank; European Commission; Food and Agriculture Organization; United Nations Children’s Fund; United Nations Development Program; World Health Organization
    This report concerns about policy briefing and outlines the main findings and policy options associated with the analysis of public spending in terms of equity and allocative efficiency. This Public Expenditure Review (PER) covers the sectors of Education, Health, Agriculture, and the area of decentralization. The main objective of this Public Expenditure Review is to examine the allocative efficiency and equity of public spending in Angola. Five cross-cutting messages are drawn from the analysis of public spending and fiscal management in the context of this Public Expenditure Review: (i) the need to prepare public spending plans within a multiyear perspective; (ii) the need to improve the efficiency of public spending; (iii) the need to improve the quality of the data on social indicators and on the budget; (iv) the need to observe equity considerations in the preparation of the budget ; and (v) the need for steady progress with decentralization. The first volume, a policy briefing, outlines the main findings and policy options associated with the analysis of public spending in terms of equity and allocative efficiency. The second volume presents a fuller assessment of each sector and on decentralization
  • Publication
    Enhancing the Effectiveness of External Support in Building Tax Capacity in Developing Countries
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2016-07-01) International Monetary Fund; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; United Nations; World Bank Group
    This report responds to the February 2016 request from the G20. The report has been prepared in the framework of the Platform for Collaboration on Tax (the “PCT”), under the responsibility of the Secretariats and Staff of the four mandated organizations. The report reflects a broad consensus among these staff, but should not be regarded as the officially endorsed views of those organizations or of their member countries. The request arises in the context of increased recognition of the centrality to development of strong tax systems and of the importance of external support in building them, and a correspondingly increased willingness of advanced economies to provide substantially greater financing and other support for this. In that context, the report uses the experiences of the international organizations to analyze how support for developing tax capacity can be improved.
  • Publication
    Financing Vietnam's Response to Climate Change
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2015-04) Vietnam Ministry of Planning and Investment; World Bank Group; United Nations Development Programme
    Climate-related hazards have adverse effects on national growth and poverty reduction, affecting the poor and several sectors of the economy simultaneously. At its current rate of growth, Vietnam will become a major global greenhouse gas (GHG) emitter. The Government of Vietnam initiated the Climate Public Expenditure and Investment Review (CPEIR) to advance an understanding of the current policy and institutional architecture as well as to assess current spending on its climate change response to help guide future climate change-related expenditures and policy implementation. The report has three components: (i) a policy, institutional and methodological review; (ii) an analysis of climate change response (CC-response) spending in five line ministries and three provinces; and (iii) recommendations and an action plan. The main goal of the CPEIR is to provide an overview of the current CC-response activities and formulate recommendations for how to improve priority setting, capacity building, coordination, expenditure management, and mainstreaming of CC-response strategies into socio-economic development plans.

Users also downloaded

Showing related downloaded files

  • Publication
    World Development Report 2023: Migrants, Refugees, and Societies
    (Washington, DC : World Bank, 2023-04-25) World Bank
    Migration is a development challenge. About 184 million people—2.3 percent of the world’s population—live outside of their country of nationality. Almost half of them are in low- and middle-income countries. But what lies ahead? As the world struggles to cope with global economic imbalances, diverging demographic trends, and climate change, migration will become a necessity in the decades to come for countries at all levels of income. If managed well, migration can be a force for prosperity and can help achieve the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. World Development Report 2023 proposes an innovative approach to maximize the development impacts of cross-border movements on both destination and origin countries and on migrants and refugees themselves. The framework it offers, drawn from labor economics and international law, rests on a “Match and Motive Matrix” that focuses on two factors: how closely migrants’ skills and attributes match the needs of destination countries and what motives underlie their movements. This approach enables policy makers to distinguish between different types of movements and to design migration policies for each. International cooperation will be critical to the effective management of migration.
  • Publication
    Poverty, Prosperity, and Planet Report 2024
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-10-15) World Bank
    The Poverty, Prosperity, and Planet Report 2024 is the latest edition of the series formerly known as Poverty and Shared Prosperity. The report emphasizes that reducing poverty and increasing shared prosperity must be achieved in ways that do not come at unacceptably high costs to the environment. The current “polycrisis”—where the multiple crises of slow economic growth, increased fragility, climate risks, and heightened uncertainty have come together at the same time—makes national development strategies and international cooperation difficult. Offering the first post-Coronavirus (COVID)-19 pandemic assessment of global progress on this interlinked agenda, the report finds that global poverty reduction has resumed but at a pace slower than before the COVID-19 crisis. Nearly 700 million people worldwide live in extreme poverty with less than US$2.15 per person per day. Progress has essentially plateaued amid lower economic growth and the impacts of COVID-19 and other crises. Today, extreme poverty is concentrated mostly in Sub-Saharan Africa and fragile settings. At a higher standard more typical of upper-middle-income countries—US$6.85 per person per day—almost one-half of the world is living in poverty. The report also provides evidence that the number of countries that have high levels of income inequality has declined considerably during the past two decades, but the pace of improvements in shared prosperity has slowed, and that inequality remains high in Latin America and the Caribbean and Sub-Saharan Africa. Worldwide, people’s incomes today would need to increase fivefold on average to reach a minimum prosperity threshold of US$25 per person per day. Where there has been progress in poverty reduction and shared prosperity, there is evidence of an increasing ability of countries to manage natural hazards, but climate risks are significantly higher in the poorest settings. Nearly one in five people globally is at risk of experiencing welfare losses due to an extreme weather event from which they will struggle to recover. The interconnected issues of climate change and poverty call for a united and inclusive effort from the global community. Development cooperation stakeholders—from governments, nongovernmental organizations, and the private sector to communities and citizens acting locally in every corner of the globe—hold pivotal roles in promoting fair and sustainable transitions. By emphasizing strategies that yield multiple benefits and diligently monitoring and addressing trade-offs, we can strive toward a future that is prosperous, equitable, and resilient.
  • Publication
    Increasing Female Labor Force Participation
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2023-01) Halim, Daniel; O’Sullivan, Michael B.; Sahay, Abhilasha
    Gender gaps in labor force participation persist worldwide. Closing this gap can lead to sizeable gains for economies—a 20 percent increase in GDP per capita, on average. Female labor force participation (FLFP) remains low due to lack of skills, assets and networks, time-based constraints, limited mobility, gender discrimination in hiring and promotion, and restrictive gender norms. Effective evidence-backed policy options can increase FLFP. They include providing childcare services, disseminating information on work opportunities and returns to employment, training in socio-emotional skills, addressing norms by engaging partners and family members, and targeting women via social protection, safety net, and public-works programs. The World Bank Group actively supports countries in boosting FLFP through development policy lending, advisory and analytical work, and supporting reforms to address constraining contextual factors, including legal barriers, social norms, and gender-based violence. This note sheds light on an array of policy options that are effective or show promise in improving FLFP.
  • Publication
    World Bank Annual Report 2024
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-10-25) World Bank
    This annual report, which covers the period from July 1, 2023, to June 30, 2024, has been prepared by the Executive Directors of both the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA)—collectively known as the World Bank—in accordance with the respective bylaws of the two institutions. Ajay Banga, President of the World Bank Group and Chairman of the Board of Executive Directors, has submitted this report, together with the accompanying administrative budgets and audited financial statements, to the Board of Governors.
  • Publication
    Growth in the Middle East and North Africa
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-10-16) Gatti, Roberta; Torres, Jesica; Elmallakh, Nelly; Mele, Gianluca; Faurès, Diego; Mousa, Mennatallah Emam; Suvanov, Ilias
    This issue of the MENA Economic Update presents a summary of recent macroeconomic trends, including an update of the conflict centered in Gaza and its regional spillovers, alongside an analysis of factors that shape the long-term growth potential of the region, with special attention to the persistent effects of conflicts. A modest uptick in growth is forecast for 2024, which nonetheless masks important disparities within the region. The acceleration is driven by the high-income oil exporters, while growth is expected to decelerate among developing MENA countries, both developing oil exporters and developing oil importers. Despite current challenges, the region can dramatically boost growth by better allocating talent in the labor market, leveraging its strategic location, and promoting innovation. Closing the gender employment gap, rethinking the footprint of the public sector, and facilitating technology transfers through trade under enhanced data quality and transparency can help the region leap toward the frontier. Peace is a pre-condition for catching up to the frontier, as conflict can undo decades of progress, delaying economic development by generations.