Publication:
A Randomized, Controlled Study of a Rural Sanitation Behavior Change Program in Madhya Pradesh, India

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dc.contributor.authorPatil, Sumeet R.
dc.contributor.authorArnold, Benjamin F.
dc.contributor.authorSalvatore, Alicia
dc.contributor.authorBriceno, Bertha
dc.contributor.authorColford, Jr., John M.
dc.contributor.authorGertler, Paul J.
dc.date.accessioned2014-02-05T13:53:39Z
dc.date.available2014-02-05T13:53:39Z
dc.date.issued2013-11
dc.description.abstractPoor sanitation and open defecation are thought to be a major cause of diarrhea and intestinal parasite infections among young children. In 1999, India launched the Total Sanitation Campaign with the goal of achieving universal toilet coverage in rural India by 2012. This paper reports on a cluster-randomized, controlled trial that was conducted in 80 rural villages in Madhya Pradesh to measure the effect of the program on toilet access, sanitation behavior, and child health outcomes. The study analyzed a random sample of 3,039 households and 5,206 children under five years of age. Field staff collected baseline measures of sanitation conditions, behavior, and child health, and re-visited households 21 months later. The analysis finds that implementation of the program activities was slower than the original timeline (only 35 percent of villages were triggered more than six months before the follow-up survey). Nevertheless, the Total Sanitation Campaign successfully increased toilet coverage by 19 percent in intervention villages compared with control villages (41 percent v. 22 percent), while reported open defecation decreased by 10 percent among adults (74 percent v. 84 percent). The intervention also led to some improvements in water quality and protozoan infection, but consistent improvements were not observed across multiple child health outcomes (diarrhea, helminth infections, child growth). However, the exposure period was likely to have been too short to result in any benefit of the sanitation interventions on child health. Given the large improvements in toilet construction documented, an additional follow-up survey with a longer period of exposure would yield valuable information on the effects of improved sanitation conditions on health outcomes.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/11/18512377/randomized-controlled-study-rural-sanitation-behavior-change-program-madhya-pradesh-india
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-6702
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/16913
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper;No. 6702
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectACCESS TO WATER
dc.subjectAGED
dc.subjectAGING
dc.subjectBEHAVIOR CHANGE
dc.subjectBREASTFEEDING
dc.subjectCENTRAL GOVERNMENT
dc.subjectCHILD DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectCHILD HEALTH
dc.subjectCHILD NUTRITION
dc.subjectCHILDHOOD DIARRHOEA
dc.subjectCHOLERA
dc.subjectCOLLECTION ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectCOMMUNITIES
dc.subjectCOMMUNITY ACTION
dc.subjectCOMMUNITY HEALTH
dc.subjectCOMMUNITY SANITATION
dc.subjectDEMAND FOR SANITATION
dc.subjectDESCRIPTION
dc.subjectDIARRHEA
dc.subjectDIARRHEAL DISEASE
dc.subjectDIARRHEAL DISEASES
dc.subjectDISINFECTION
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTION NETWORKS
dc.subjectDISTRICTS
dc.subjectDRINKING WATER
dc.subjectDRINKING WATER QUALITY
dc.subjectDRINKING WATER SOURCE
dc.subjectDWELLING
dc.subjectEPIDEMIOLOGY
dc.subjectEXERCISES
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INCENTIVES
dc.subjectFLY CONTROL
dc.subjectGROUNDWATER
dc.subjectHAND WASHING
dc.subjectHANDWASHING
dc.subjectHEALTH EFFECTS
dc.subjectHEALTH INTERVENTIONS
dc.subjectHEALTH OUTCOMES
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD LATRINES
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectHUMAN EXCRETA
dc.subjectHYGIENE
dc.subjectHYGIENE EDUCATION
dc.subjectHYGIENIC METHODS
dc.subjectINFANT MORTALITY
dc.subjectINFORMED CONSENT
dc.subjectINTERVENTION
dc.subjectINTESTINAL PARASITES
dc.subjectINTESTINAL WORMS
dc.subjectIRON
dc.subjectLARGE-SCALE SANITATION PROGRAMS
dc.subjectLATRINE
dc.subjectLATRINE PROMOTION
dc.subjectLOCAL AUTHORITIES
dc.subjectMIGRATION
dc.subjectMORTALITY
dc.subjectNEIGHBORHOODS
dc.subjectNUTRITION
dc.subjectPEDIATRICS
dc.subjectPIT LATRINES
dc.subjectPRIVATE TOILET
dc.subjectPROVISION OF LATRINES
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH
dc.subjectRISK OF CONTAMINATION
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectRURAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectRURAL SANITATION
dc.subjectRURAL VILLAGES
dc.subjectSANITATION
dc.subjectSANITATION COVERAGE
dc.subjectSANITATION FACILITIES
dc.subjectSANITATION HYGIENE
dc.subjectSANITATION PROGRAM
dc.subjectSANITATION PROMOTION
dc.subjectSANITATION REQUIREMENTS
dc.subjectSANITATION SECTOR
dc.subjectSANITATION SERVICES
dc.subjectSCHISTOSOMIASIS
dc.subjectSCHOOL SANITATION
dc.subjectSERVICE DELIVERY
dc.subjectSEWERAGE
dc.subjectSEWERAGE SYSTEMS
dc.subjectSHELTER
dc.subjectSIBLINGS
dc.subjectSOAP
dc.subjectSOCIAL MARKETING
dc.subjectSOCIAL MOBILIZATION
dc.subjectTOILET
dc.subjectTOILETS
dc.subjectURBAN CENTERS
dc.subjectURBAN COMMUNITY
dc.subjectUSE OF TOILETS
dc.subjectVILLAGE LEVEL
dc.subjectVILLAGES
dc.subjectWASTE
dc.subjectWASTE MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectWATER DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectWATER QUALITY
dc.subjectWATER SEAL
dc.subjectWATER SOURCE
dc.subjectWATER SOURCES
dc.subjectWATER SUPPLIES
dc.subjectWATER SUPPLY
dc.subjectWELLS
dc.subjectWORKERS
dc.titleA Randomized, Controlled Study of a Rural Sanitation Behavior Change Program in Madhya Pradesh, Indiaen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleA Randomized, Controlled Study of a Rural Sanitation Behavior Change Program in Madhya Pradesh, India
okr.date.disclosure2013-11-01
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T11:42:50.227970Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/11/18512377/randomized-controlled-study-rural-sanitation-behavior-change-program-madhya-pradesh-india
okr.globalpracticeSocial, Urban, Rural and Resilience
okr.globalpracticeHealth, Nutrition, and Population
okr.globalpracticeWater
okr.guid300331468269410084
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-6702
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20131114094224
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum18512377
okr.identifier.reportWPS6702
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2013/11/14/000158349_20131114094224/Rendered/PDF/WPS6702.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeSouth Asia
okr.region.countryIndia
okr.topicHealth Monitoring and Evaluation
okr.topicWater Supply and Sanitation::Hygiene Promotion and Social Marketing
okr.topicWater Supply and Sanitation::Urban Water Supply and Sanitation
okr.topicHousing and Human Habitats
okr.topicWater Supply and Sanitation::Town Water Supply and Sanitation
okr.topicCommunities and Human Settlements
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population
okr.unitWater and Sanitation Program (WSP), Sustainable Development Network
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isAuthorOfPublication57151398-d527-54f1-a9b8-94d5b56257a7
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery57151398-d527-54f1-a9b8-94d5b56257a7
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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