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Learning Essentials for International Education: A Compendium of Summaries

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dc.contributor.authorAbadzi, Helen
dc.date.accessioned2017-08-15T19:28:32Z
dc.date.available2017-08-15T19:28:32Z
dc.date.issued2010-03-23
dc.description.abstractThe sound of children's voices reciting in unison could be heard from afar, as our mission approached a school in rural Cambodia. Inside a second-grade classroom, students took turns at the blackboard. One pointed with a stick at a list of words written by the teacher, while the rest recited. A colleague approached, wrote on the blackboard the same words in a different order, and asked the children to read. Suddenly, there was silence. Most kids had merely memorized the sequence of the words and could not even identify single letters. This scene is frequent. In the poorer schools of low-income countries, many students remain illiterate for years, until they finally drop out. With some care, the process is observable. Typically the teacher writes on the board some letters or words and asks students to repeat them. The letters may be scribbled, the children often sit at a distance, textbooks may be insufficient, and children may not have anyone at home to help them read. But they do repeat the words in unison, getting cues from a few knowledgeable classmates. The teachers stand by the blackboard, address students at large, and call on the few who perform well. How come this issue has not attracted attention? One reason is that in the middle-class schools of capitals students perform much better. Soon after our rural observations, we observed second graders in a middleclass school of Pnom Penh fluently handling the extremely complex Khmer script. However, the schools of the poor have less time for their students. There is teacher absenteeism, a lack of textbooks to take home, parental inability to make up for school weaknesses, no specific curricular time for reading. The result has been chronic illiteracy, high dropout and high repetition rates. To reduce repetition and maximize enrollments, some donors advise governments to promote students automatically.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/601931468339019423/Learning-essentials-for-international-education-a-compendium-of-summaries
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/27860
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/27860
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesGPE Working Paper Series on Learning;No. 10
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.subjectACHIEVEMENT OUTCOMES
dc.subjectACHIEVEMENT TESTS
dc.subjectACQUISITION OF KNOWLEDGE
dc.subjectADULT ILLITERACY
dc.subjectADULTS
dc.subjectAMOUNT OF KNOWLEDGE
dc.subjectARITHMETIC
dc.subjectBASIC READING
dc.subjectBASIC SKILLS
dc.subjectBILINGUALISM
dc.subjectBROADCASTING
dc.subjectCALL
dc.subjectCHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectCHURCHES
dc.subjectCLASS ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectCLASS TIME
dc.subjectCLASSROOM
dc.subjectCLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectCLASSROOM LEARNING
dc.subjectCLASSROOM LEVEL
dc.subjectCLASSROOM MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectCLASSROOM TIME
dc.subjectCLASSROOMS
dc.subjectCOGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
dc.subjectCOLONIAL LANGUAGES
dc.subjectCOMPETENCIES
dc.subjectCRITICAL THINKING
dc.subjectCURRICULA
dc.subjectCURRICULAR MATERIAL
dc.subjectCURRICULUM
dc.subjectCURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectDISCOVERY LEARNING
dc.subjectDROPOUT RATES
dc.subjectEARLY DROPOUT
dc.subjectEARLY GRADES
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectEDUCATED PARENTS
dc.subjectEDUCATED TEACHERS
dc.subjectEDUCATED WORKERS
dc.subjectEDUCATION BUDGET
dc.subjectEDUCATION EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectEDUCATION FOR ALL
dc.subjectEDUCATION FOR ALL INITIATIVE
dc.subjectEDUCATION POLICY
dc.subjectEDUCATION QUALITY
dc.subjectEDUCATION SECTOR
dc.subjectEDUCATION SYSTEM
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL FINANCING
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL LEVELS
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL QUALITY
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS
dc.subjectEDUCATORS
dc.subjectELEMENTS
dc.subjectEND OF GRADE
dc.subjectENROLLMENT
dc.subjectENROLLMENT FIGURES
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectFACULTIES
dc.subjectFUNCTIONALLY ILLITERATE
dc.subjectGENERAL EDUCATION
dc.subjectHIGH DROPOUT
dc.subjectHIGHER EDUCATION
dc.subjectHOMEWORK
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectHUMAN LEARNING
dc.subjectILLITERACY
dc.subjectILLITERATE CHILDREN
dc.subjectILLITERATE PARENTS
dc.subjectILLITERATES
dc.subjectINSTRUCTION
dc.subjectINSTRUCTIONAL CONDITIONS
dc.subjectINSTRUCTIONAL DELIVERY
dc.subjectINSTRUCTIONAL HOURS
dc.subjectINSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES
dc.subjectINSTRUCTIONAL TIME
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL EDUCATION
dc.subjectINTERVENTIONS
dc.subjectKINDERGARTENS
dc.subjectLANGUAGE INSTRUCTION
dc.subjectLANGUAGE OF INSTRUCTION
dc.subjectLEARNING
dc.subjectLEARNING ACHIEVEMENT
dc.subjectLEARNING ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectLEARNING CAPACITY
dc.subjectLEARNING OUTCOMES
dc.subjectLEARNING TIME
dc.subjectLECTURES
dc.subjectLET
dc.subjectLIBRARY BOOKS
dc.subjectLIFELONG LEARNING
dc.subjectLINGUISTIC MINORITIES
dc.subjectLITERACY SKILLS
dc.subjectLITERATURE
dc.subjectLOCAL PRINTING
dc.subjectLOW-INCOME STUDENTS
dc.subjectMATH SKILLS
dc.subjectMINISTRY OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectMOTHER TONGUE
dc.subjectMOTHER-TONGUE
dc.subjectNATIONAL LANGUAGES
dc.subjectNONFORMAL EDUCATION
dc.subjectNUMBER OF STUDENTS
dc.subjectNUMERACY
dc.subjectNUTRITION
dc.subjectPARENTAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectPOOR READERS
dc.subjectPRIMARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectPRIMARY GRADES
dc.subjectPRIMARY SCHOOL
dc.subjectPRINCIPALS
dc.subjectPRINTING
dc.subjectPRIVATE TUTORING
dc.subjectPROFICIENCY
dc.subjectPUBLIC EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectQUALITY EDUCATION
dc.subjectQUALITY OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectQUALITY SCHOOLS
dc.subjectRATES OF RETURN
dc.subjectREADING
dc.subjectREADING COMPREHENSION
dc.subjectREADING INSTRUCTION
dc.subjectREASONING
dc.subjectRECURRENT EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectREPETITION
dc.subjectREPETITION RATES
dc.subjectRURAL SCHOOL
dc.subjectSCHOOL CLIMATE
dc.subjectSCHOOL CURRICULA
dc.subjectSCHOOL DAY
dc.subjectSCHOOL LEVEL
dc.subjectSCHOOL LEVELS
dc.subjectSCHOOL PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectSCHOOL YEAR
dc.subjectSCHOOLING
dc.subjectSCHOOLS
dc.subjectSCIENCE CONTENT
dc.subjectSECONDARY SCHOOL
dc.subjectSECONDARY STUDENTS
dc.subjectSTUDENT ABSENTEEISM
dc.subjectSTUDENT LEARNING
dc.subjectSTUDENT PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectSTUDENT PROGRESS
dc.subjectSTUDENT-CENTERED LEARNING
dc.subjectSUBJECT MATTER
dc.subjectSUBJECTS
dc.subjectTARGET SCHOOLS
dc.subjectTEACHER
dc.subjectTEACHER ABSENTEEISM
dc.subjectTEACHER SALARIES
dc.subjectTEACHER TRAINEES
dc.subjectTEACHER TRAINING
dc.subjectTEACHER TRAINING COLLEGES
dc.subjectTEACHER UNIONS
dc.subjectTEACHERS
dc.subjectTEACHING
dc.subjectTEACHING AIDS
dc.subjectTEACHING METHODS
dc.subjectTEACHING SKILLS
dc.subjectTEACHING STAFF
dc.subjectTECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
dc.subjectTECHNICAL EXPERTISE
dc.subjectTECHNOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE
dc.subjectTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
dc.subjectTEXTBOOK
dc.subjectTEXTBOOKS
dc.subjectTRAINING OF TEACHERS
dc.subjectTUTORING
dc.subjectVOCATIONAL EDUCATION
dc.subjectWHOLE LANGUAGE APPROACH
dc.subjectWORKERS
dc.subjectWRITING SYSTEMS
dc.subjectYOUTH
dc.titleLearning Essentials for International Educationen
dc.title.subtitleA Compendium of Summariesen
dc.typeWorking Paperen
dc.typeDocument de travailfr
dc.typeDocumento de trabajoes
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleLearning Essentials for International Education
okr.date.disclosure2013-07-26
okr.date.doiregistration2025-05-05T11:48:29.221880Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/601931468339019423/Learning-essentials-for-international-education-a-compendium-of-summaries
okr.guid601931468339019423
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000356161_20130726160027
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum18042899
okr.identifier.report79776
okr.importedtrue
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/601931468339019423/pdf/797760WP0two0p0Box0379789B00PUBLIC0.pdfen
okr.topicEducation::Education For All
okr.topicEducation::Effective Schools and Teachers
okr.topicEducation::Lifelong Learning
okr.topicEducation::Primary Education
okr.unitGPE Secretariat (DFGPE)
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