Publication:
The GATT's Starting Point: Tariff Levels circa 1947

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dc.contributor.authorIrwin, Douglas A.
dc.contributor.authorBown, Chad P.
dc.date.accessioned2016-05-04T19:56:01Z
dc.date.available2016-05-04T19:56:01Z
dc.date.issued2016-04
dc.description.abstractHow high were import tariffs when GATT participants began negotiations to reduce them in 1947? Establishing this starting point is key to determining how successful the GATT has been in bringing down trade barriers. If the average tariff level was about 40 percent, as commonly reported, the implied early tariff reductions were substantial, but this number has never been verified. This paper examines the evidence on tariff levels in the late 1940s and early 1950s and finds that the average tariff level going into the first Geneva Round of 1947 was about 22 percent. It also find that tariffs fell by relatively more in the late 1940s and early 1950s for a core group of GATT participants (the United States, United Kingdom, Canada and Australia) than they did for many other important countries, including the set of other (non-core) GATT participants.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2016/04/26279727/gatts-starting-point-tariff-levels-circa-1947
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-7649
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/24223
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper;No. 7649
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectTARIFFS
dc.subjectEQUIPMENT
dc.subjectCHECKS
dc.subjectACCOUNTING
dc.subjectTARIFF RATES
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectTARIFF PROTECTION
dc.subjectTRADE NEGOTIATIONS
dc.subjectBILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS
dc.subjectINTEREST
dc.subjectECONOMIC WELFARE
dc.subjectDUMMY VARIABLES
dc.subjectTRADE BARRIERS
dc.subjectEXCHANGE
dc.subjectTARIFF CHANGES
dc.subjectNATIONAL TREATMENT
dc.subjectTRADE FLOWS
dc.subjectDEMAND ELASTICITIES
dc.subjectTARIFF CONCESSIONS
dc.subjectFREE IMPORTS
dc.subjectECONOMIC POLICY
dc.subjectTARIFF SCHEDULES
dc.subjectTRADE LIBERALISATION
dc.subjectTRADE POLICY ANALYSIS
dc.subjectTARIFF CUTS
dc.subjectTAX
dc.subjectTARIFF CLASSIFICATION
dc.subjectINFLATION
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subjectPROTECTIONISM
dc.subjectTARIFF NEGOTIATIONS
dc.subjectTRADE AGREEMENTS
dc.subjectTARIFF POLICY
dc.subjectCONVERSION
dc.subjectDUTY FREE
dc.subjectTARIFF INCREASES
dc.subjectFOREIGN TRADE
dc.subjectIMPORT PRICES
dc.subjectTARIFF DATA
dc.subjectTRADE FORUM
dc.subjectTARIFF ACT
dc.subjectIMPORT QUOTAS
dc.subjectAVERAGE TARIFFS
dc.subjectNON-TARIFF BARRIERS
dc.subjectVALUE OF IMPORTS
dc.subjectTARIFF REDUCTION
dc.subjectCUSTOMS
dc.subjectTRADING
dc.subjectGLOBALIZATION
dc.subjectIMPORT PROTECTION
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL POLICY
dc.subjectTARIFF REDUCTIONS
dc.subjectBILATERAL AGREEMENTS
dc.subjectRETURN
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION
dc.subjectACCESS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS
dc.subjectIMPORTS
dc.subjectTRADE POLICY
dc.subjectCOUNTRY TARIFF
dc.subjectTRADE POLICIES
dc.subjectIMPORT TARIFFS
dc.subjectGENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS
dc.subjectCOMMON MARKET
dc.subjectAPPLIED TARIFF
dc.subjectTRADE WARS
dc.subjectTRADE DISTORTIONS
dc.subjectCONSUMPTION
dc.subjectTARIFF ON IMPORTS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectTRANSPARENCY
dc.subjectFUTURE
dc.subjectCUMULATIVE EFFECT
dc.subjectDEMAND SHOCKS
dc.subjectTRADE ARRANGEMENTS
dc.subjectTRADE COMMISSION
dc.subjectCONCESSIONS
dc.subjectTARIFF ESTIMATES
dc.subjectEXTERNAL TARIFF
dc.subjectTARIFF BARRIERS
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
dc.subjectAVERAGE TARIFF LEVELS
dc.subjectMARKET
dc.subjectFOREIGN EXCHANGE
dc.subjectTRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectTARIFF LEVELS
dc.subjectAVERAGE TARIFF
dc.subjectCURRENCIES
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
dc.subjectECONOMIC INTEGRATION
dc.subjectTRADE
dc.subjectGOODS
dc.subjectTARIFF SCHEDULE
dc.subjectTARIFF
dc.subjectREVENUE
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE
dc.subjectCHECK
dc.subjectTRUST FUND
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS
dc.subjectEXCHANGE CONTROLS
dc.subjectIMPORT VALUE
dc.subjectCUSTOMS REVENUE
dc.subjectTARIFF LINES
dc.titleThe GATT's Starting Pointen
dc.title.subtitleTariff Levels circa 1947en
dc.typeWorking Paperen
dc.typeDocument de travailfr
dc.typeDocumento de trabajoes
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleThe GATT's Starting Point: Tariff Levels Circa 1947
okr.date.disclosure2016-04-26
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2016/04/26279727/gatts-starting-point-tariff-levels-circa-1947
okr.guid935351468193733666
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-7649
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum090224b0842cd4cc_1_0
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum26279727
okr.identifier.reportWPS7649
okr.importedtrue
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2016/04/26/090224b0842cd4cc/1_0/Rendered/PDF/The0GATT0s0sta0ff0levels0circa01947.pdfen
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Trade Policy
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::International Trade and Trade Rules
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Trade Liberalization
okr.unitTrade and International Integration Team, Development Research Group
relation.isAuthorOfPublication43c30b7b-e371-51e8-a4ad-3c2c7db7fe4d
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery43c30b7b-e371-51e8-a4ad-3c2c7db7fe4d
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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