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Globalization and the Gender Earnings Gap: Evidence from Sri Lanka and Cambodia

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dc.contributor.authorSavchenko, Yevgeniya
dc.contributor.authorLopez Acevedo, Gladys
dc.contributor.authorRobertson, Raymond
dc.date.accessioned2017-01-10T18:18:07Z
dc.date.available2017-01-10T18:18:07Z
dc.date.issued2016-12
dc.description.abstractDisasters in Bangladesh and protests elsewhere have created an intense debate about the value, particularly to women, of apparel employment in developing countries. This paper focuses on how the forces of globalization, specifically the Multi-Fibre Arrangement (MFA), have affected women's wages in the apparel sector in developing countries. The paper uses household and labor force surveys from Cambodia and Sri Lanka to estimate both apparel wage premiums relative to other industries and the male-female wage gap before and after the end of the MFA. The approach builds on new models that apply traditional trade theory (e.g., the Heckscher-Ohlin and Stolper-Samuelson theorems) to analyze the effect of globalization on gender-based earnings. The authors find large positive wage premiums and a closing of the male-female wage gap during the MFA period, but smaller premiums and a widening wage gap after the end of the MFA. The results suggest that the benefits of apparel exports for women in developing countries remain significant post-MFA. They also model an approach for studying the effects of globalization that differentiates males and females as separate factors. This may be a fruitful alternative to discrimination models or those that analyze the effects of globalization on women in terms of skill. Further research is necessary to identify the potential development effects of post-MFA apparel employment and to thoroughly compare the benefits documented in this paper with the costs that may come with apparel jobs.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/699061482849262999/Globalization-and-the-gender-earnings-gap-evidence-from-Sri-Lanka-and-Cambodia
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-7930
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/25833
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper;No. 7930
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.subjectglobalization
dc.subjectgender wage gap
dc.subjectgender
dc.subjectapparel
dc.subjectMulti-Fibre Arrangement
dc.subjecttextiles
dc.subjectwages
dc.subjectworking condition
dc.subjectMFA
dc.subjectemployment
dc.titleGlobalization and the Gender Earnings Gapen
dc.title.subtitleEvidence from Sri Lanka and Cambodiaen
dc.typeWorking Paperen
dc.typeDocument de travailfr
dc.typeDocumento de trabajoes
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.associatedcontenthttps://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/33144 Journal Article Version
okr.crossref.titleGlobalization and the Gender Earnings Gap: Evidence from Sri Lanka and Cambodia
okr.date.disclosure2016-12-27
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/699061482849262999/Globalization-and-the-gender-earnings-gap-evidence-from-Sri-Lanka-and-Cambodia
okr.guid699061482849262999
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-7930
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum090224b08480e1c1_1_0
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum27056496
okr.identifier.reportWPS7930
okr.importedtrue
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/699061482849262999/pdf/WPS7930.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeEast Asia and Pacific
okr.region.administrativeSouth Asia
okr.region.countryCambodia
okr.region.countrySri Lanka
okr.statistics.combined2426
okr.statistics.dr699061482849262999
okr.statistics.drstats2009
okr.topicGender::Gender and Development
okr.topicGender::Gender and Economic Policy
okr.topicGender::Gender and Economics
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Access to Markets
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Trade and Labor
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Trade and Multilateral Issues
okr.topicSocial Protections and Labor::Labor Markets
okr.unitOffice of the Chief Economist, South Asia Region
relation.isAuthorOfPublication268c09e1-715c-55a0-bb0c-359d92eab2e2
relation.isAuthorOfPublication35e4efde-3fff-56a6-9ba4-91b2899f7dfc
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery268c09e1-715c-55a0-bb0c-359d92eab2e2
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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