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Are Global Value Chains Women Friendly in Developing Countries?: Evidence from Firm-Level Data

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dc.contributor.authorKalliny, Marize
dc.contributor.authorZaki, Chahir
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-22T19:21:42Z
dc.date.available2024-01-22T19:21:42Z
dc.date.issued2024-01-22
dc.description.abstractDespite the efforts made to increase women’s inclusion in the economy, they are still underrepresented in trade in general and in global value chains in particular. Thus, this paper aims at examining the impact of global value chains on women’s trade participation as entrepreneurs and employees. It also analyzes how this effect is moderated through external (gender provisions in trade agreements) and internal (investment climate variables) factors. The analysis uses firm-level data for 154 developing economies and emerging markets with a special focus on the Middle East and North Africa region, being one of the regions with the lowest female labor force participation. The main findings show that global value chains integration increases the likelihood of being a female owner and the share of female employees, especially production ones. A less robust negative effect is found for the impact on being a female top manager. These effects are moderated by the inclusion of gender provisions in trade agreements and by the characteristics of the investment climate (especially tax policy, access to finance, and corruption). These results remain robust after controlling for the endogeneity of global value chains using an instrumental variable approach and a propensity score estimation method where the treatment is being part of a global value chains. Thus, global value chains can be perceived as a tool that boosts women’s empowerment in emerging economies, especially in the Middle East and North Africa region.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099305401122411045/IDU1eee5371015c2514c9b1865b18d2e9156c72f
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-10667
dc.identifier.urihttps://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/40936
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper; 10667
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectGLOBAL VALUE CHAIN
dc.subjectGENDER AND TRADE
dc.subjectWOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT
dc.subjectFIRM-LEVEL DATA
dc.subjectWOMEN'S TRADE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectGENDERED ENTREPRENEUR DATA
dc.titleAre Global Value Chains Women Friendly in Developing Countries?en
dc.title.subtitleEvidence from Firm-Level Dataen
dc.typeWorking Paper
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleAre Global Value Chains Women Friendly in Developing Countries?: Evidence from Firm-Level Data
okr.date.disclosure2024-01-12
okr.date.lastmodified2024-01-12T00:00:00Zen
okr.doctypePolicy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099305401122411045/IDU1eee5371015c2514c9b1865b18d2e9156c72f
okr.guid099305401122411045
okr.identifier.docmidIDU-eee53710-5c25-4c9b-865b-8d2e9156c72f
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-10667
okr.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-10667
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum34237443
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum34237443
okr.identifier.reportWPS10667
okr.import.id2892
okr.importedtrueen
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099305401122411045/pdf/IDU1eee5371015c2514c9b1865b18d2e9156c72f.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeMiddle East and North Africa
okr.topicGender::Gender and Law
okr.topicGender::Gender and Economics
okr.topicGender::Gender Monitoring and Evaluation
okr.unitOffice of the Chief Economist (MNACE)
relation.isAuthorOfPublication1dfab836-9f99-578a-8220-2946e712ebf8
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery1dfab836-9f99-578a-8220-2946e712ebf8
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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