Publication:
China's Integration with the World : Development as a Process of Learning and Industrial Upgrading

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dc.contributor.authorWang, Yan
dc.contributor.authorLin, Justin Yifu
dc.date.accessioned2012-05-24T14:13:38Z
dc.date.available2012-05-24T14:13:38Z
dc.date.issued2008-12
dc.description.abstractThe process of development is full of uncertainties, especially if it is a process of transition from a planned economy to a market oriented one. Because of uncertainties and country specificity, development must be a process of learning, selective adaptation, and industrial upgrading. This paper attempts to distill lessons from China's reform and opening up process, and investigate the underlying reasons behind China's success in trade expansion and economic growth. From its beginnings with home-grown and second-best institutions, China has embarked on a long journey of reform, experimentation, and learning by doing. It is moving from a comparative advantage-defying strategy to a comparative advantage-following strategy. The country is catching up quickly through augmenting its factor endowments and upgrading industries; but this has been only partially successful. Although China is facing several difficult challenges - including rising inequality, an industrial structure that is overly capital and energy intensive, and related environmental degradation - it is better positioned to tackle them now than it was 30 years ago. This paper reviews the drivers behind China's learning and trade integration and provides both positive and negative lessons for developing countries with diverse natural endowments, especially those in Sub-Saharan Africa.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/12/10126590/chinas-integration-world-development-process-learning-industrial-upgrading
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-4799
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/6336
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWashington, DC: World Bank
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper; No. 4799
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectACCOUNTING STANDARDS
dc.subjectADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectALLOCATION
dc.subjectBACKED SECURITIES
dc.subjectBALANCE SHEET
dc.subjectBANK DEPOSITS
dc.subjectBANK LENDING
dc.subjectBARRIERS TO ENTRY
dc.subjectBENCHMARK
dc.subjectBUDGET CONSTRAINTS
dc.subjectCAPACITY BUILDING
dc.subjectCAPITAL ACCOUNT
dc.subjectCAPITAL ACCUMULATION
dc.subjectCAPITAL INFLOWS
dc.subjectCAPITAL INTENSITY
dc.subjectCAPITAL STOCK
dc.subjectCENTRAL BANK
dc.subjectCENTRALLY PLANNED ECONOMIES
dc.subjectCENTRALLY PLANNED ECONOMY
dc.subjectCLOSED ECONOMY
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL BANK
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL BANKS
dc.subjectCOMMODITIES
dc.subjectCOMMODITY
dc.subjectCOMMODITY PRICE
dc.subjectCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
dc.subjectCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVE MARKETS
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVENESS
dc.subjectCONTROLLED PRICES
dc.subjectCOST OF CAPITAL
dc.subjectCOST STRUCTURE
dc.subjectCREDIT RATIONING
dc.subjectCURRENT ACCOUNT SURPLUS
dc.subjectDEBT
dc.subjectDECENTRALIZATION
dc.subjectDEMAND FOR CREDIT
dc.subjectDEPOSIT
dc.subjectDEPOSIT RATE
dc.subjectDEVALUATION
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRY
dc.subjectDEVELOPING ECONOMIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
dc.subjectDISPOSABLE INCOME
dc.subjectDIVIDENDS
dc.subjectDOMESTIC MARKET
dc.subjectDOMESTIC PRICES
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS
dc.subjectECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectECONOMIC REFORM
dc.subjectECONOMIC REFORMS
dc.subjectECONOMIC RESEARCH
dc.subjectECONOMIC STRUCTURE
dc.subjectECONOMIC SYSTEM
dc.subjectECONOMIC THEORY
dc.subjectEQUIPMENT
dc.subjectEQUITY MARKET
dc.subjectEXCHANGE RATE
dc.subjectEXCHANGE RATE SYSTEM
dc.subjectEXCHANGE RATES
dc.subjectEXPORT GROWTH
dc.subjectEXPORT MARKET
dc.subjectEXPORT PROCESSING ZONES
dc.subjectEXPORT SECTORS
dc.subjectEXPORTER
dc.subjectEXPORTERS
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectEXTERNALITIES
dc.subjectFINANCIAL CRISIS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INNOVATIONS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL REFORMS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SECTORS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL STRUCTURE
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SYSTEM
dc.subjectFISCAL DECENTRALIZATION
dc.subjectFISCAL POLICIES
dc.subjectFISCAL POLICY
dc.subjectFIXED ASSETS
dc.subjectFIXED CAPITAL
dc.subjectFOREIGN BANK
dc.subjectFOREIGN CAPITAL
dc.subjectFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFOREIGN EXCHANGE
dc.subjectFOREIGN FIRMS
dc.subjectFOREIGN INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFOREIGN INVESTORS
dc.subjectFOREIGN TRADE
dc.subjectFOREIGN VALUE
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGINI COEFFICIENT
dc.subjectGLOBAL ECONOMIC PROSPECTS
dc.subjectGLOBAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectGNP
dc.subjectGROSS FIXED CAPITAL FORMATION
dc.subjectGROWTH IN TRADE
dc.subjectGROWTH RATE
dc.subjectGROWTH RATES
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectINCENTIVE STRUCTURE
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectINCOMES
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES
dc.subjectINDUSTRIALIZATION
dc.subjectINEFFICIENCY
dc.subjectINFANT INDUSTRY ARGUMENT
dc.subjectINFLATION
dc.subjectINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY
dc.subjectINSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectINTEREST PAYMENTS
dc.subjectINTEREST RATE
dc.subjectINTEREST RATE POLICY
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL COMPETITION
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL MARKET
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL MARKETS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectINVESTING
dc.subjectINVESTMENT CLIMATE
dc.subjectJOB CREATION
dc.subjectJOINT VENTURES
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLEGAL ENVIRONMENT
dc.subjectLEGAL FRAMEWORK
dc.subjectLIBERALIZATION OF TRADE
dc.subjectLOAN
dc.subjectLOAN RATES
dc.subjectLOCAL BANKS
dc.subjectLOCAL GOVERNMENTS
dc.subjectLOW INTEREST RATE
dc.subjectLOW INTEREST RATES
dc.subjectLOW-INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectLOW-INCOME COUNTRY
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC POLICIES
dc.subjectMANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
dc.subjectMARKET CONDITION
dc.subjectMARKET CONDITIONS
dc.subjectMARKET DEMAND
dc.subjectMARKET DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectMARKET ECONOMIES
dc.subjectMARKET ECONOMY
dc.subjectMARKET PRICE
dc.subjectMARKET PRICES
dc.subjectMARKET SIZE
dc.subjectMONOPOLY
dc.subjectMORTGAGE
dc.subjectNATIONAL INCOME
dc.subjectNATIONAL SECURITY
dc.subjectNATURAL CAPITAL
dc.subjectNATURAL ENDOWMENTS
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectNEOCLASSICAL ECONOMICS
dc.subjectNEW PRODUCTS
dc.subjectOPPORTUNITY COSTS
dc.subjectOUTPUTS
dc.subjectOUTSTANDING LOANS
dc.subjectPLANNED ECONOMY
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectPOLLUTION
dc.subjectPRICE DECLINES
dc.subjectPRICE DISTORTION
dc.subjectPRICE DISTORTIONS
dc.subjectPRIME LENDING RATE
dc.subjectPRIVATE ENTERPRISE
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR GROWTH
dc.subjectPRIVATIZATION
dc.subjectPRODUCTION FUNCTION
dc.subjectPRODUCTION STRUCTURE
dc.subjectPROPERTY RIGHTS
dc.subjectPUBLIC GOODS
dc.subjectPUBLIC POLICY
dc.subjectRAPID DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectRAPID ECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectRAPID EXPANSION
dc.subjectRAPID GROWTH
dc.subjectRATE OF RETURN
dc.subjectREAL GDP
dc.subjectREAL GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subjectREGULATORS
dc.subjectREINVESTMENT
dc.subjectREPUBLIC
dc.subjectRESERVES
dc.subjectRETURNS
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSAVINGS RATES
dc.subjectSHARE OF CREDIT
dc.subjectSPECIALIZATION
dc.subjectSTATE ENTERPRISES
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE GROWTH
dc.subjectSWAP
dc.subjectTAX
dc.subjectTOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectTOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
dc.subjectTOTAL OUTPUT
dc.subjectTRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectTRADE POLICY
dc.subjectTRADE PROTECTION
dc.subjectTRADE REFORMS
dc.subjectTRADE REGIMES
dc.subjectTRADING
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT RATE
dc.subjectVALUE ADDED
dc.subjectWAGE RATES
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectWORLD ECONOMY
dc.subjectWORLD INVESTMENT REPORT
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE
dc.subjectWTO
dc.titleChina's Integration with the World : Development as a Process of Learning and Industrial Upgradingen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleChina's Integration With The World: Development As A Process Of Learning And Industrial Upgrading
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T12:22:01.334516Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/12/10126590/chinas-integration-world-development-process-learning-industrial-upgrading
okr.globalpracticeMacroeconomics and Fiscal Management
okr.globalpracticeFinance and Markets
okr.globalpracticeTrade and Competitiveness
okr.guid789081468769228174
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-4799
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20081222162953
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum10126590
okr.identifier.reportWPS4799
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2008/12/22/000158349_20081222162953/Rendered/PDF/WPS4799.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeEast Asia and Pacific
okr.region.countryChina
okr.sectorOther industry
okr.sectorGeneral industry and trade sector
okr.topicFinance and Financial Sector Development::Debt Markets
okr.topicEconomic Theory and Research
okr.topicPrivate Sector Development::Emerging Markets
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Political Economy
okr.topicFinance and Financial Sector Development::Access to Finance
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isAuthorOfPublication6f9860c3-5c17-54f1-92fb-9f5055cc0038
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery6f9860c3-5c17-54f1-92fb-9f5055cc0038
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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