Publication:
Civil-service Pension Schemes Around the World

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dc.contributor.authorPalacios, Robert
dc.contributor.authorWhitehouse, Edward
dc.date.accessioned2014-09-17T18:20:43Z
dc.date.available2014-09-17T18:20:43Z
dc.date.issued2006-05
dc.description.abstractThere are separate pension schemes for civil servants in about half of the world s countries, including some of the largest developing economies, such as Brazil, China and India. In the higher-income, OECD countries, spending on pensions for public-sector workers makes up one quarter of total pension spending. In less developed countries, this proportion is usually higher. Yet, very little has been written on the design and reform of civil-service pension plans, especially when compared with the voluminous literature on national pension programs. This paper compares civil service pension schemes across countries in terms of benefit provision and cost. We find that in many developing countries, these expenditures are a greater fiscal burden than in higher income countries where the tax base is larger. The paper also compares schemes within the same country covering private sector workers. Finally, we review key policy issues related to pension schemes covering civil servants as well as other public sector workers. In particular, we find that there is little justification for maintaining parallel schemes in the long run.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/05/20170245/civil-service-pension-schemes-around-world
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/20205
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/20205
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesSocial protection and labor discussion paper;no. 0602
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectACCRUAL RATE
dc.subjectACCRUAL RATES
dc.subjectADVERSE SELECTION
dc.subjectAGE COMPOSITION
dc.subjectARREARS
dc.subjectASYMMETRIES OF INFORMATION
dc.subjectBALANCE SHEET
dc.subjectBANKRUPTCY
dc.subjectBARRIER
dc.subjectBASIC PENSION
dc.subjectBENEFICIARIES
dc.subjectBENEFIT FORMULA
dc.subjectBENEFIT FORMULAE
dc.subjectBENEFIT LEVELS
dc.subjectBOND
dc.subjectCASH FLOW
dc.subjectCIVIL SERVANT
dc.subjectCIVIL SERVANTS
dc.subjectCIVIL SERVICE
dc.subjectCIVIL SERVICE PENSION
dc.subjectCIVIL SERVICE PENSIONS
dc.subjectCOLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS
dc.subjectCOMPENSATION PACKAGE
dc.subjectCONFLICTS OF INTEREST
dc.subjectCONSUMPTION SMOOTHING
dc.subjectCONTRIBUTION PERIOD
dc.subjectCONTRIBUTION RATE
dc.subjectCONTRIBUTION RATES
dc.subjectCUSTOMS OFFICIALS
dc.subjectDEFICITS
dc.subjectDEFINED BENEFIT
dc.subjectDEFINED BENEFIT SCHEMES
dc.subjectDEFINED BENEFITS
dc.subjectDEFINED-BENEFIT SCHEME
dc.subjectDEFINED-BENEFIT SCHEMES
dc.subjectDEFINED-CONTRIBUTION PENSIONS
dc.subjectDEMOGRAPHIC
dc.subjectDEPOSIT
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING ECONOMIES
dc.subjectDISCOUNT RATE
dc.subjectDISCOUNT RATES
dc.subjectDIVESTMENT
dc.subjectEARLY RETIREMENT
dc.subjectEARNING
dc.subjectEARNINGS GROWTH
dc.subjectEMPLOYEE
dc.subjectEMPLOYER CONTRIBUTION
dc.subjectEMPLOYER CONTRIBUTIONS
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectEXPENDITURE
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectFINANCES
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectFINANCING ARRANGEMENTS
dc.subjectFISCAL BURDEN
dc.subjectFISCAL CONSTRAINTS
dc.subjectFISCAL DEFICIT
dc.subjectFISCAL DISCIPLINE
dc.subjectFISCAL POLICY
dc.subjectFORMAL PENSION
dc.subjectFORMAL SECTOR WORKERS
dc.subjectFULL-CAREER WORKER
dc.subjectFUNDED BASIS
dc.subjectFUNDED COMPONENTS
dc.subjectFUNDED SCHEME
dc.subjectFUTURE PENSION
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT BONDS
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT BUDGET
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT REVENUES
dc.subjectHARMONIZATION
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectHUMAN RESOURCE
dc.subjectHUMAN RESOURCES
dc.subjectIMPLICIT DEBT
dc.subjectIMPLICIT PENSION DEBT
dc.subjectINCOME STREAM
dc.subjectINDIVIDUAL ACCOUNTS
dc.subjectINFLATION
dc.subjectINFORMATIONAL ASYMMETRIES
dc.subjectJOB TENURE
dc.subjectJOBS
dc.subjectJURISDICTION
dc.subjectLABOR DEMAND
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET IMPACT
dc.subjectLABOR MARKETS
dc.subjectLABOR MOBILITY
dc.subjectLABOR TURNOVER
dc.subjectLABORERS
dc.subjectLABOUR
dc.subjectLABOUR FORCE
dc.subjectLEGAL CHANGES
dc.subjectLEVY
dc.subjectLIABILITY
dc.subjectLIFE EXPECTANCY
dc.subjectLOCAL AUTHORITIES
dc.subjectLONG-TERM PROJECTIONS
dc.subjectLOW-INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectMANDATORY RETIREMENT
dc.subjectMARKET DISTORTIONS
dc.subjectMARKET FAILURE
dc.subjectMARKET FAILURES
dc.subjectMIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectMONOPOLY
dc.subjectMORAL HAZARD
dc.subjectNATIONAL GOVERNMENT
dc.subjectNATIONAL PENSION
dc.subjectNET WAGE
dc.subjectNET WAGES
dc.subjectNORMAL RETIREMENT AGE
dc.subjectNOTIONAL ACCOUNTS
dc.subjectNUMBER OF BENEFICIARIES
dc.subjectOCCUPATIONAL PENSIONS
dc.subjectOCCUPATIONAL SCHEMES
dc.subjectOLDER WORKERS
dc.subjectOPPORTUNITY COST
dc.subjectOUTSOURCING
dc.subjectPAYGO
dc.subjectPENSION
dc.subjectPENSION AGE
dc.subjectPENSION AGES
dc.subjectPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
dc.subjectPENSION BENEFIT
dc.subjectPENSION BENEFITS
dc.subjectPENSION CONTRIBUTIONS
dc.subjectPENSION COST
dc.subjectPENSION COVERAGE
dc.subjectPENSION DEBT
dc.subjectPENSION ENTITLEMENT
dc.subjectPENSION FUND
dc.subjectPENSION LIABILITIES
dc.subjectPENSION PLANS
dc.subjectPENSION POLICY
dc.subjectPENSION PROGRAM
dc.subjectPENSION PROGRAMMES
dc.subjectPENSION PROGRAMS
dc.subjectPENSION PROVISION
dc.subjectPENSION REFORM
dc.subjectPENSION REGULATORS
dc.subjectPENSION RIGHTS
dc.subjectPENSION SCHEME
dc.subjectPENSION SCHEMES
dc.subjectPENSION SPENDING
dc.subjectPENSION SYSTEM
dc.subjectPENSION SYSTEM REFORM
dc.subjectPENSION SYSTEMS
dc.subjectPENSION VALUES
dc.subjectPENSION WEALTH
dc.subjectPENSION-SCHEME
dc.subjectPENSIONERS
dc.subjectPENSIONS
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectPRESENT VALUE
dc.subjectPREVIOUS DISCUSSION
dc.subjectPREVIOUS PARAGRAPH
dc.subjectPRICE GROWTH
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR WORKER
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR WORKERS
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTORS
dc.subjectPRIVATIZATION
dc.subjectPROVIDENT FUND
dc.subjectPUBLIC DEBT
dc.subjectPUBLIC SECTOR DOWNSIZING
dc.subjectPUBLIC SECTOR WORKERS
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICE
dc.subjectPUBLIC SPENDING
dc.subjectRATE OF GROWTH
dc.subjectRATE OF RETURN
dc.subjectREAL WAGES
dc.subjectREASONABLE ASSUMPTION
dc.subjectREFORM PROCESS
dc.subjectREPLACEMENT RATE
dc.subjectREPLACEMENT RATES
dc.subjectRESERVES
dc.subjectRETIREMENT
dc.subjectRETIREMENT AGE
dc.subjectRETIREMENT AGES
dc.subjectRETIREMENT INCOME
dc.subjectRETIREMENT INCOMES
dc.subjectRETIREMENT OPTIONS
dc.subjectRETIREMENT PROGRAM
dc.subjectRETIREMENT-INCOME
dc.subjectRETIREMENT-INCOME ARRANGEMENTS
dc.subjectRETIREMENT-INCOME PROVISION
dc.subjectRETIRING WORKER
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSERVANTS
dc.subjectSERVICE EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectSEVERANCE PAYMENTS
dc.subjectSOCIAL ASSISTANCE
dc.subjectSOCIAL POLICY
dc.subjectSOCIAL PROTECTION
dc.subjectSTATE GOVERNMENT
dc.subjectSTATE INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectSUPPLEMENTARY PENSION
dc.subjectTAX
dc.subjectTECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
dc.subjectTHRIFT SAVINGS PLAN
dc.subjectTRADE UNION
dc.subjectTRANSACTION
dc.subjectTRANSPARENCY
dc.subjectTURNOVER
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectUNFUNDED LIABILITIES
dc.subjectWAGE BILL
dc.subjectWAGE COMPRESSION
dc.subjectWAGE DIFFERENTIALS
dc.subjectWAGE INCREASE
dc.subjectWARRANTS
dc.subjectWORKERS
dc.subjectYOUNGER WORKERS
dc.titleCivil-service Pension Schemes Around the Worlden
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaJobs
okr.date.disclosure2014-09-02
okr.date.doiregistration2025-05-05T11:36:12.701138Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Working Paper
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/05/20170245/civil-service-pension-schemes-around-world
okr.globalpracticeSocial Protection and Labor
okr.globalpracticeFinance and Markets
okr.globalpracticeGovernance
okr.globalpracticeTrade and Competitiveness
okr.guid546181468147557849
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000470435_20140903132712
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum20170245
okr.identifier.report90340
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2014/09/03/000470435_20140903132712/Rendered/PDF/903400NWP0P1320Box0385283B00PUBLIC0.pdfen
okr.topicGovernment Diagnostic Capacity Building
okr.topicFinance and Financial Sector Development::Debt Markets
okr.topicSocial Protections and Labor::Labor Markets
okr.topicPrivate Sector Development::Emerging Markets
okr.topicPensions and Retirement Systems
okr.topicPublic Sector Development
okr.unitSocial Protect & Labor - GP (GSPDR)
okr.volume1 of 1
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