Publication:
Reciprocity Across Modes of Supply in the World Trade Organization : A Negotiating Formula

dc.contributor.authorMattoo, Aaditya
dc.contributor.authorOlarreaga, Marcelo
dc.date.accessioned2014-08-28T18:22:02Z
dc.date.available2014-08-28T18:22:02Z
dc.date.issued2000-06
dc.description.abstractNegotiations on trade in services at the World Trade Organization (WTO) have so far produced little liberalization beyond levels countries have undertaken unilaterally. One reason: limited application of the traditional negotiating principle of reciprocity. In particular, participants have failed to exploit the scope of the services agreement (General Agreement on Trade in Services -GATS) for the exchange of market-access "concessions" across different modes of supply - cross-border delivery and the movement of capital and workers. Using the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek framework, the authors propose a negotiating formula that generalizes the fundamental WTO principle of reciprocity to include alternative modes of delivery. Adoption of this formula as a basis for negotiations could bring greater commitments to liberalization on all modes of delivery, producing substantial gains in global welfare and more balanced outcomes.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2000/06/437123/reciprocity-across-modes-supply-world-trade-organization-negotiating-formula
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-2373
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/19831
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper;No. 2373
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectBALANCE OF CONCESSIONS
dc.subjectBILATERAL TRADE
dc.subjectBORDER TRADE
dc.subjectCAPITAL MARKET
dc.subjectCARBON
dc.subjectCARBON DIOXIDE
dc.subjectCARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS
dc.subjectCENTRAL BANKS
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL PRESENCE
dc.subjectCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVENESS
dc.subjectCONCESSIONS
dc.subjectCONSUMERS
dc.subjectCROSS-BORDER DELIVERY
dc.subjectCROSS-BORDER EXPORTS
dc.subjectCROSS-BORDER TRADE
dc.subjectCURRENT ACCOUNT
dc.subjectCURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE
dc.subjectDEVELOPED COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectDOMESTIC FIRMS
dc.subjectDOMESTIC REFORM
dc.subjectECONOMIC THEORY
dc.subjectECONOMISTS
dc.subjectELASTICITY
dc.subjectEMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectENTITLEMENTS
dc.subjectEQUILIBRIUM
dc.subjectEXPORT VOLUME
dc.subjectEXPORTERS
dc.subjectFACTOR PRICE
dc.subjectFACTORS OF PRODUCTION
dc.subjectFOREIGN CAPITAL
dc.subjectFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFOREIGN EXCHANGE
dc.subjectFOREIGN FACTORS
dc.subjectFOREIGN INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFOREIGN LABOR
dc.subjectFOREIGN MARKETS
dc.subjectFOREIGN OWNERSHIP
dc.subjectFOREIGN SERVICE PROVIDERS
dc.subjectFORESTRY
dc.subjectGATS
dc.subjectGENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES
dc.subjectIMPORT VOLUME
dc.subjectIMPORTS
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCREASING RETURNS
dc.subjectINCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE
dc.subjectINPUT-OUTPUT TABLES
dc.subjectJOINT IMPLEMENTATION
dc.subjectMARKET ACCESS
dc.subjectMODES OF SUPPLY
dc.subjectMOVEMENT OF NATURAL PERSONS
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL TRADE
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS
dc.subjectNET EXPORTS
dc.subjectNON-DISCRIMINATORY BASIS
dc.subjectNON-TARIFF BARRIERS
dc.subjectOPENNESS
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectPRICE DIFFERENCES
dc.subjectQUOTAS
dc.subjectRECIPROCAL REDUCTION
dc.subjectRECIPROCITY
dc.subjectRETURNS TO SCALE
dc.subjectSERVICE SECTOR
dc.subjectSERVICE SUPPLIERS
dc.subjectSERVICES
dc.subjectSERVICES AGREEMENT
dc.subjectSERVICES NEGOTIATIONS
dc.subjectSERVICES SECTORS
dc.subjectTARIFF BARRIERS
dc.subjectTARIFF EQUIVALENTS
dc.subjectTARIFF REDUCTION
dc.subjectTERMS OF TRADE
dc.subjectTERMS OF TRADE EFFECTS
dc.subjectTOTAL OUTPUT
dc.subjectTRADE
dc.subjectTRADE
dc.subjectTRADE BALANCE
dc.subjectTRADE EFFECT
dc.subjectTRADE IN SERVICES
dc.subjectTRADE NEGOTIATIONS
dc.subjectTRADE OPENING
dc.subjectTRADE PATTERN
dc.subjectTRADE POLICIES
dc.subjectTRADE POLICY
dc.subjectTRADING PARTNERS
dc.subjectUNILATERAL LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectURUGUAY ROUND
dc.subjectVOLUME OF TRADE
dc.subjectWELFARE EFFECTS
dc.subjectWELFARE GAINS
dc.subjectWORLD PRICES
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectWORLD TRADING SYSTEM
dc.subjectWTO
dc.titleReciprocity Across Modes of Supply in the World Trade Organization : A Negotiating Formulaen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaJobs
okr.crossref.titleReciprocity across Modes of Supply in the World Trade Organization: A Negotiating Formula
okr.date.disclosure2000-06-30
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T09:28:09.464097Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2000/06/437123/reciprocity-across-modes-supply-world-trade-organization-negotiating-formula
okr.globalpracticeTrade and Competitiveness
okr.guid979721468739563734
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-2373
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000094946_00072705354792
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum437123
okr.identifier.reportWPS2373
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2000/08/14/000094946_00072705354792/Rendered/PDF/multi_page.pdfen
okr.themeTrade and integration
okr.themeTrade and integration :: Regional integration
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Free Trade
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Trade Policy
okr.topicPayment Systems and Infrastructure
okr.topicEconomic Theory and Research
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Trade and Services
okr.topicIndustry::Common Carriers Industry
okr.topicEnvironmental Economics and Policies
okr.unitTrade, Development Research Group
okr.volume1
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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