Publication: The Primary Health Care System of the Republic of the Marshall Islands: A Primary Health Care Performance Initiative Assessment
Loading...
Date
2024-01-05
ISSN
Published
2024-01-05
Author(s)
Editor(s)
Abstract
This report presents the findings of the primary health care (PHC) system in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), an assessment that the World Bank conducted in consultation with the Ministry of Health and Human Services (MHHS) of the government of RMI. The assessment provides an opportunity to understand the performance of RMI’s PHC system, highlighting important areas of strengths and opportunities to address ongoing challenges. The assessment uses the Primary Health Care Performance Initiative (PHCPI) framework, which organizes various domains and subdomains of primary care using a logic model approach that encompasses the traditional inputs and outputs of a system, emphasizing service delivery and performance.
Link to Data Set
Citation
“World Bank Group. 2024. The Primary Health Care System of the Republic of the Marshall Islands: A Primary Health Care Performance Initiative Assessment. © World Bank Group. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/40846 License: CC BY-NC 3.0 IGO.”
Associated URLs
Associated content
Other publications in this report series
Journal
Journal Volume
Journal Issue
Collections
Related items
Showing items related by metadata.
Publication Kingdom of Morocco : Health Policy Note Towards a More Equitable and Sustainable Health Care System - Policy Challenges and Opportunities(Washington, DC, 2007-05)This note identifies three main issues and proposes a set of short- and longer-term policy measures for each. The publicly financed and run health care system does not meet healthcare needs of the majority of the Moroccans. Only half of the population uses health services when experiencing an illness, indicating that people who live outside big cities either cannot or will not pay for poorer quality services in rural health facilities. While in the short term limited use of healthcare services because of inability or unwillingness to pay may not significantly affect levels of morbidity and mortality resulting from non-communicable diseases, the impact is likely to grow exponentially in the next two decades. Despite recent attempts by the government to expand population coverage, improve system governance, and increase the quality of care, Morocco's health care system remains predominantly state owned and managed, yet highly fragmented. On one hand, the system is not truly pluralistic because of negligible participation of providers and consumers in system governance. On the other hand, the execution of all main healthcare functions are segmented across several government agencies, or applicable to different population segments. In addition, low and poorly allocated public outlays for health care result in inefficiencies in the allocation and use of public resources, as well as in high private out-of-pocket expenditures. If a publicly funded health insurance scheme is intended to provide universal coverage for an essential package of services, a significant restructuring of the existing institutional architecture and of the legislative and regulatory framework will be needed to make it a reality.Publication Using Clinical Vignettes to Measure Provider Skills and Strengthen Primary Health Care in Côte d’Ivoire(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-01-11)This paper describes a program in Côte d’Ivoire designed to assess and enhance the competence of primary health care providers using clinical vignettes. The initiative provided training to district supervisors in 113 health districts on how to present patient scenarios to providers to assess their skills in history taking, physical exam, diagnosis, treatment and provision of patient advice. The clinical vignettes covered common topics in maternal and child health and infectious diseases. Several technical improvements were applied, including improved organization and clarity of questions, flexibility in treatment choices, options for management for rural areas and clearer standards for what information should be communicated to patients. The program also aimed to enhance content validity by mapping vignette questions against national practice guidelines. A training manual with role-playing exercises was developed. Supervisors conducted an initial sample of vignettes which revealed that only 36 percent of providers achieved a satisfactory score. The Project ECHO virtual learning platform was then used to address implementation challenges among district supervisors, who shared ideas for improvement. Learning sessions with midwives focused on managing preeclampsia. An electronic tablet tool was also designed for assessments, allowing data transfer to the national health information system, and key design features included offline assessment capability. The paper provides a comprehensive account of program design, challenges, and solutions, so that other countries interested in developing similar programs can learn from this experience.Publication Improving Universal Primary Health Care by Kenya : A Case Study of the Health Sector Services Fund(World Bank, Washington DC, 2013-01)This case study describes the Government of Kenya's initiative to expand the supply of health care and strengthen primary health care through implementation of the Health Sector Services Fund (HSSF), which provides direct cash transfers to primary health facilities. This initiative, launched in 2010, is a direct response to challenges identified by the Public Expenditure Tracking Surveys in making funds for operation and maintenance available to the health facilities, and builds on lessons from initiatives supported by the Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA) in the Coastal Region.Publication Research for Innovation in Health Systems - Improving the Management of Health Care Services for Patients with Multiple Chronic Conditions in Three Latin American Countries(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-06-24)The accelerated aging of the Brazilian population, alongside the gradual increase in the concomitant occurrence of multiple chronic diseases in the same individual, brings important challenges to the Brazilian National Health System (SUS). n Colombia, during 2012 - 2016, multimorbidity had a prevalence of 19.5 percent for all ages, according to data from the study carried out by the World Bank and the Ministry of Health and Social Protection. The investigation also showed an increase in the use and cost of health services associated with older age and the complexity of multimorbidity, in an aging population that shifts its epidemiological profile towards chronic diseases. The expenditure with patients with multimorbidity in Uruguay is high. Persons with five or more of diseases (Cardiovascular Disease, High Blood Pressure, Diabetes, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Degenerative Neurological Disease) represent 8.44 percent of the total patient population, but their care accounts for 42.07 percent of the total expenditure, and 50.48 percent of the expenditure on medications.Publication Integrating Noncommunicable Disease Management into Primary Health Care(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-04-05)Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are increasingly placing significant health and economic burdens on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Primary care serves as the initial point of contact for individuals seeking medical assistance and plays a pivotal role in promoting health, preventing diseases, and managing chronic conditions like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and respiratory illnesses. By embedding NCD services within primary health care (PHC) settings, individuals receive timely screening, diagnosis, treatment, and ongoing support, leading to improved health outcomes and reduced healthcare costs. The World Bank has significantly increased its investments in NCD management, particularly over the past decade. The aim of this report is to collate real-world examples showcasing the integration of best practices for managing NCDs within PHC systems. This anthology accompanies the NCD system assessment tool, which aims to support World Bank country teams to a rapidly (~3 months) assess gaps implementation of a set of best practices for NCD prevention and management. Specifically, the tool evaluates health systems against 43 best practices - practical policies, plans, programs or structures - recommended by global consensus panels or proven to be effective in meta-analyses, systematic reviews and Cochrane reviews. These best practices that make up the assessment tool are the foundation of the case studies in this anthology. Drawing on desk-based review of available data, peer-reviewed and grey literature, and a small set of key informant interviews, the cases in this anthology detail the successes, challenges, and lessons learned from the adoption of these best practices in diverse country contexts.
Users also downloaded
Showing related downloaded files
Publication Argentina Country Climate and Development Report(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2022-11)The Argentina Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) explores opportunities and identifies trade-offs for aligning Argentina’s growth and poverty reduction policies with its commitments on, and its ability to withstand, climate change. It assesses how the country can: reduce its vulnerability to climate shocks through targeted public and private investments and adequation of social protection. The report also shows how Argentina can seize the benefits of a global decarbonization path to sustain a more robust economic growth through further development of Argentina’s potential for renewable energy, energy efficiency actions, the lithium value chain, as well as climate-smart agriculture (and land use) options. Given Argentina’s context, this CCDR focuses on win-win policies and investments, which have large co-benefits or can contribute to raising the country’s growth while helping to adapt the economy, also considering how human capital actions can accompany a just transition.Publication Classroom Assessment to Support Foundational Literacy(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-03-21)This document focuses primarily on how classroom assessment activities can measure students’ literacy skills as they progress along a learning trajectory towards reading fluently and with comprehension by the end of primary school grades. The document addresses considerations regarding the design and implementation of early grade reading classroom assessment, provides examples of assessment activities from a variety of countries and contexts, and discusses the importance of incorporating classroom assessment practices into teacher training and professional development opportunities for teachers. The structure of the document is as follows. The first section presents definitions and addresses basic questions on classroom assessment. Section 2 covers the intersection between assessment and early grade reading by discussing how learning assessment can measure early grade reading skills following the reading learning trajectory. Section 3 compares some of the most common early grade literacy assessment tools with respect to the early grade reading skills and developmental phases. Section 4 of the document addresses teacher training considerations in developing, scoring, and using early grade reading assessment. Additional issues in assessing reading skills in the classroom and using assessment results to improve teaching and learning are reviewed in section 5. Throughout the document, country cases are presented to demonstrate how assessment activities can be implemented in the classroom in different contexts.Publication The Journey Ahead(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-10-31)The Journey Ahead: Supporting Successful Migration in Europe and Central Asia provides an in-depth analysis of international migration in Europe and Central Asia (ECA) and the implications for policy making. By identifying challenges and opportunities associated with migration in the region, it aims to inform a more nuanced, evidencebased debate on the costs and benefits of cross-border mobility. Using data-driven insights and new analysis, the report shows that migration has been an engine of prosperity and has helped address some of ECA’s demographic and socioeconomic disparities. Yet, migration’s full economic potential remains untapped. The report identifies multiple barriers keeping migration from achieving its full potential. Crucially, it argues that policies in both origin and destination countries can help maximize the development impacts of migration and effectively manage the economic, social, and political costs. Drawing from a wide range of literature, country experiences, and novel analysis, The Journey Ahead presents actionable policy options to enhance the benefits of migration for destination and origin countries and migrants themselves. Some measures can be taken unilaterally by countries, whereas others require close bilateral or regional coordination. The recommendations are tailored to different types of migration— forced displacement as well as high-skilled and low-skilled economic migration—and from the perspectives of both sending and receiving countries. This report serves as a comprehensive resource for governments, development partners, and other stakeholders throughout Europe and Central Asia, where the richness and diversity of migration experiences provide valuable insights for policy makers in other regions of the world.Publication Lebanon Economic Monitor, Fall 2022(Washington, DC, 2022-11)The economy continues to contract, albeit at a somewhat slower pace. Public finances improved in 2021, but only because spending collapsed faster than revenue generation. Testament to the continued atrophy of Lebanon’s economy, the Lebanese Pound continues to depreciate sharply. The sharp deterioration in the currency continues to drive surging inflation, in triple digits since July 2020, impacting the poor and vulnerable the most. An unprecedented institutional vacuum will likely further delay any agreement on crisis resolution and much needed reforms; this includes prior actions as part of the April 2022 International Monetary Fund (IMF) staff-level agreement (SLA). Divergent views among key stakeholders on how to distribute the financial losses remains the main bottleneck for reaching an agreement on a comprehensive reform agenda. Lebanon needs to urgently adopt a domestic, equitable, and comprehensive solution that is predicated on: (i) addressing upfront the balance sheet impairments, (ii) restoring liquidity, and (iii) adhering to sound global practices of bail-in solutions based on a hierarchy of creditors (starting with banks’ shareholders) that protects small depositors.Publication World Development Report 2006(Washington, DC, 2005)This year’s Word Development Report (WDR), the twenty-eighth, looks at the role of equity in the development process. It defines equity in terms of two basic principles. The first is equal opportunities: that a person’s chances in life should be determined by his or her talents and efforts, rather than by pre-determined circumstances such as race, gender, social or family background. The second principle is the avoidance of extreme deprivation in outcomes, particularly in health, education and consumption levels. This principle thus includes the objective of poverty reduction. The report’s main message is that, in the long run, the pursuit of equity and the pursuit of economic prosperity are complementary. In addition to detailed chapters exploring these and related issues, the Report contains selected data from the World Development Indicators 2005‹an appendix of economic and social data for over 200 countries. This Report offers practical insights for policymakers, executives, scholars, and all those with an interest in economic development.