Publication: Timor-Leste Health Sector Review : Appendices
Loading...
Published
2006-10-06
ISSN
Date
2013-08-08
Author(s)
Editor(s)
Abstract
The Timor-Leste health sector review describes the accomplishments made by the government of Timore-Leste in the health sector since it separated from Indonesia, and analyzes the challenges still facing the government moving forward. Infant and maternal mortality, and malnutrition, are still important battles. Underutilization of services, and poor quality of services when available, are also reasons for the poor health quality indicators. Improving the quality or effectiveness of health services is difficult. However, now that most of the basic health care infrastructure is in place, the time is right for the Ministry of Health (MOH) to develop a system to monitor and upgrade the quality of health care services, starting with public sector services. One initiative put forth is health education delivered through various channels, which would make households better aware of the risks associated with certain health conditions or symptoms and the importance of using the available health services from government and NGO facilities. A second type of potential intervention is the introduction of conditional cash transfers, whereby the Government pays a subsidy to households in exchange for certain behaviors beneficial to society, such as having their children immunized. Carrying out the various interventions described above would require that the Government increased its spending on health services further.
Link to Data Set
Citation
“World Bank. 2006. Timor-Leste Health Sector Review : Appendices. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/14898 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”
Associated URLs
Associated content
Other publications in this report series
Journal
Journal Volume
Journal Issue
Collections
Related items
Showing items related by metadata.
Publication Timor-Leste Health Sector Review : Meeting Challenges and Improving Health Outcomes(Washington, DC, 2006-10-06)The Timor-Leste health sector review describes the accomplishments made by the government of Timore-Leste in the health sector since it separated from Indonesia, and analyzes the challenges still facing the government moving forward. Infant and maternal mortality, and malnutrition, are still important battles. Underutilization of services, and poor quality of services when available, are also reasons for the poor health quality indicators. Improving the quality or effectiveness of health services is difficult. However, now that most of the basic health care infrastructure is in place, the time is right for the Ministry of Health (MOH) to develop a system to monitor and upgrade the quality of health care services, starting with public sector services. One initiative put forth is health education delivered through various channels, which would make households better aware of the risks associated with certain health conditions or symptoms and the importance of using the available health services from government and NGO facilities. A second type of potential intervention is the introduction of conditional cash transfers, whereby the Government pays a subsidy to households in exchange for certain behaviors beneficial to society, such as having their children immunized. Carrying out the various interventions described above would require that the Government increased its spending on health services further.Publication Indonesia's Doctors, Midwives and Nurses : Current Stock, Increasing Needs, Future Challenges and Options(World Bank, 2009)This paper is one of several inputs prepared for a comprehensive Health Sector Review that the Government of Indonesia is currently conducting. It compiles, analyzes and interprets available information on Indonesia's health service providers; doctors, midwives and nurses. Within the limitations imposed by questions about the accuracy and timeliness of current workforce data, the paper describes the stock and distribution of health workers. The paper draws attention to weaknesses in the workforce planning methods in use, and then reviews the human resource policies, including governance structures and the regulatory framework, that affect health workers. It concludes by describing future challenges and some suggested ways of addressing these challenges. In brief, this paper identifies a number of main challenges in the health workforce in Indonesia. These are: (i) there is a shortage and inequitable distribution of medical doctors and specialists; (ii) the education of health professionals is of poor quality and the accreditation and certification system is weak; (iii) health workforce policy development and planning are not based on evidence or demand, but rather on standard norms that do not reflect real need or take into account the contribution of the private health sector; nor have they adapted to a decentralized paradigm, and finally; (iv) the growing and changing demand for health care due to demographic and epidemiological changes will increase the burden on the already ineffective health system. The final section of this paper makes nine suggestions designed to address these main challenges.Publication Health, Nutrition, and Population in Madagascar 2000-09(World Bank, 2011-07-05)With an income per capita US$400 in 2008, Madagascar is one of the poorest countries in the world. Poverty is widespread but with significant urban-rural differences (52 percent versus 74 percent). Health, nutrition, and the fight against communicable diseases and HIV/AIDS are key goals of the country's poverty reduction strategy, the Madagascar Action Plan 2007-2012. The National Health Sector and Social Protection Development Plan 2007-2011 was developed to strengthen the health system and improve service delivery to reduce neonatal, child and maternal mortality, address malnutrition and control communicable illnesses. The health sector has benefited from increasing investment over the last years, and a number of studies and surveys have been carried out, providing a wealth of information that is yet to be analyzed in a complementary way. This Country Status Report (CSR) seeks to capitalize on all of the existing data in the health sector, compare Madagascar to countries of similar income levels and assess the results achieved by the health system. The CSR provides an analysis of the population's health and nutrition status by linking health outcomes, household/individual behaviors, community factors, government interventions, and service provision. Although Madagascar is performing beer than the SSA average of 645 per 100,000 live births, the maternal mortality rate has stagnated over the last decade and in 2008/09 was estimated at 498. Health care seeking behavior for preventive child health services at the health facility level is improving. Complete immunization coverage stands at 62 percent in 2008 (for children 12 to 23 months), but there are still large differences in coverage across regions, place of residence, and income groups.Publication Community-based Maternal and Child Nutrition and Health Interventions in Nigeria : A Comparative Case Study Analysis on Best Practices(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2011-02)This study discusses how to effectively engage in community-based nutrition and health programs aimed to improve maternal, newborn, and child nutrition and health outcomes, particularly in Northern Nigeria. It provides the comparative synthesis of four case studies, each of which included a community action component for improving nutrition and health outcomes. It provides a normative base for designing and planning government programs that support reforms in outcome-based programming for maternal, newborn, and child nutrition and health through program support and investment lending. Central to the report is the discussion on the roles played by various stakeholders - state and local government, NGOs, traditional and religious leaders, and communities themselves - in creating and sustaining community mobilization. The factors considered essential or useful contributors to community mobilization are analyzed. The history of government s role in Nigerian health care is discussed, as well as the current situation and future possibilities, especially at the state and local level.Publication Improving Access to Health Care Services through the Expansion of Coverage Program : The Case of Guatemala(World Bank, Washington DC, 2013-01)Since the signing of the 1996 Peace Accords, Guatemala has made efforts to establish economic and political stability, and to improve its social indicators. The country's Constitution states that access to health care is a basic right of all Guatemalans. In practice, however, it has been challenging for the Government of Guatemala to guarantee this right using public facilities. As a result, it has been trying to improve access to health services using both Ministry of Public Health and Social Assistance (MOH) facilities and staff, and alternative health service providers, particularly nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). This case study reviews the experience implementing the Expansion of Coverage Program (Programa de Extension de Cobertura, PEC) that was established by the Government of Guatemala in 1997 to improve coverage of health and nutrition services to poor, rural, and largely indigenous areas by contracting NGOs. It describes its origins; its package of services; contracting, financing, monitoring, and supervision mechanisms; and its contributions to improving access and strengthening primary health care services in Guatemala. It also discusses opportunities and challenges that need to be addressed to continue to improve health services coverage in the country.
Users also downloaded
Showing related downloaded files
Publication Vietnam(World Bank, Hanoi, 2020-05-01)Following from Vietnam’s ratification of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) in late 2018 and its effectiveness from January 2019, and the European Parliament’s recent approval of the European Union-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) and its subsequent planned ratification by the National Assembly in May 2020, Vietnam has further demonstrated its determination to be a modern, competitive, open economy. As the COVID-19 (Coronavirus) crisis has clearly shown, diversified markets and supply chains will be key in the future global context to managing the risk of disruptions in trade and in supply chains due to changing trade relationships, climate change, natural disasters, and disease outbreaks. In those regards, Vietnam is in a stronger position than most countries in the region. The benefits of globalization are increasingly being debated and questioned. However, in the case of Vietnam, the benefits have been clear in terms of high and consistent economic growth and a large reduction in poverty levels. As Vietnam moves to ratify and implement a new generation of free trade agreements (FTAs), such as the CPTPP and EVFTA, it is important to clearly demonstrate, in a transparent manner, the economic gains and distributional impacts (such as sectoral and poverty) from joining these FTAs. In the meantime, it is crucial to highlight the legal gaps that must be addressed to ensure that national laws and regulations are in compliance with Vietnam’s obligations under these FTAs. Readiness to implement this new generation of FTAs at both the national and subnational level is important to ensure that the country maximizes the full economic benefits in terms of trade and investment. This report explores the issues of globalization and the integration of Vietnam into the global economy, particularly through implementation of the EVFTA.Publication Firm-Level Technology Adoption in Vietnam(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-03)This paper describes the results of a new firm survey to measure technology use and adoption implemented prior to the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam. It analyzes the use and adoption of technology among Vietnamese firms and identifies some of the key barriers to adoption and diffusion. The analysis offers new and important stylized facts on firm-level use of technologies. First, although access to the internet is almost universal in Vietnam, firms had low digital readiness to face the COVID-19 pandemic; and the share of establishments with their own website, social media, and cloud computing is still small. Second, the use of Industry 4.0 technologies is incipient. Third, the technology gap with the use of frontier technologies in some general business functions, such as quality control, production planning, sales, and sourcing and procurement, is large. Fourth, the manufacturing sector faces the largest technological gap, larger than services and agricultural firms. The analysis of the main barriers and drivers to technology adoption and use shows the importance of good management quality for technology adoption, and that there is a technology premium associated with exporting activities. Finally, the analysis also shows that firms are largely unaware of the available public policy support for technology upgrading.Publication What Does MFN Trade Mean for India and Pakistan? Can MFN be a Panacea?(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2013-06)India and Pakistan, the two largest economies in South Asia, share a common border, culture and history. Despite the benefits of proximity, the two neighbors have barely traded with each other. In 2011, trade with Pakistan accounted for less than half a percent of India's total trade, whereas Pakistan's trade with India was 5.4 percent of its total trade. However, the recent thaw in India-Pakistan trade relations could signal a change. Pakistan has agreed to grant most favored nation status to India. India has already granted most favored nation status to Pakistan. What will be the gains from trade for the two countries? Will they be inclusive? Is most favored nation status a panacea? Should the granting of most favored nation status be accompanied by improvements in trade facilitation, infrastructure, connectivity, and logistics to reap the true benefits of trade and to promote shared prosperity? This paper attempts to answer these questions. It examines alternative scenarios on the gains from trade and it finds that what makes most favored nation status work is the trade facilitation that surrounds it. The results of the general equilibrium simulation indicate Pakistan's most favored nation status to India would generate larger benefits if it were supported by improved connectivity and trade facilitation measures. In other words, gains from trade would be small in the absence of improved connectivity and trade facilitation. The idea of trade facilitation is simple: implement measures to reduce the cost of trading across borders by improving infrastructure, institutions, services, policies, procedures, and market-oriented regulatory systems. The returns can be huge, even with modest resources and limited capacity. The dividends of trade facilitation can be shared by all.Publication Bangladesh Development Update, October 2013(Washington, DC, 2013-10)Economic performance has remained resilient to global headwinds and disruptive politics in Bangladesh in FY13. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth decelerated for the second year in a row to 6 percent. Disruptions caused by political strife, deepening political tensions relating to the impending political transition and the inadequacies of improvements in the provision of power, gas and infrastructure were the key factors in the growth slowdown. These contributed to weakening investor confidence leading to a 1.2 percent decline in the private investment rate. Recovery in remittance growth contributed to sustaining private consumption growth which combined with a significant rise in public investment and robust increases in exports helped maintain GDP growth above the average 5 percent growth in developing countries in 2013. Growth declined in both the agriculture and service sectors while industrial growth increased slightly. Inflation decelerated but remained high. Annual average inflation declined from 8.7 percent in FY12 to 6.8 percent in FY13. External balances have improved further. The external trade deficit decreased significantly due primarily to an increase in export growth over FY12 and flat import payments. The banking system remains under stress and capital market activities have been weak. Several financial scams and resultant loan defaults in the state-owned commercial banks moved them into a position of insolvency, which needs to be urgently addressed. The most pressing challenges lie in maintaining economic and financial reforms, rebuilding the image of the garment sector, and removing supply bottlenecks. Some structural reforms have moved forward. The International Monetary Fund's extended credit facility is on track with significant progress in strengthening macroeconomic conditions and structural policies under the extended credit facility arrangement. The new value added tax law has moved firmly into the implementation phase; the National Board of Revenue has introduced an online tax registration system; amendments to the Banking Companies Act have been passed and progress is being made in identifying critical weaknesses in the state-owned commercial banks; the FY14 budget introduced revenue reforms such as increasing the corporate profit tax rate on cigarette manufacturing companies and reducing the nominal protection rate to 28.1 percent in FY14 from 28.9 percent in FY13. Removing Bangladesh's favored access to the United States market under the Generalized System of Preferences program may not hurt Bangladesh's garment industry unduly. If the European Union were to suspend Bangladesh's favored access to its markets, Bangladesh could see its total exports fall by as much as 4.1 to 8 percent.Publication Strengthening Competitiveness In Bangladesh—Thematic Assessment(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2016-07-15)This is volume 2 of a three-volume publication on Bangladesh’s trade prospects. Bangladesh’s ambition is to build on its very solid growth and poverty reduction achievements, and accelerate growth to become a middle income country by 2021, and share prosperity more widely amongst its citizens. This includes one of its greatest development challenges: to provide gainful employment to the over 2 million people that will join the labor force each year over the next decade. Moreover, only 54.1 million of its 94 million working age people are employed. Bangladesh needs to use its labor endowment even more intensively to increase growth and, in turn, to absorb the incoming labor. The Diagnostic Trade Integration Study identifies the following actions centered around four pillars to sustain and accelerate export growth: (1) breaking into new markets through a) better trade logistics to reduce delivery lags ; as world markets become more competitive and newer products demand shorter lead times, to generate new sources of competitiveness and thereby enable market diversification; and b) better exploitation of regional trading opportunities in nearby growing and dynamic markets, especially East and South Asia; (2) breaking into new products through a) more neutral and rational trade policy and taxation and bonded warehouse schemes; b) concerted efforts to spur domestic investment and attract foreign direct investment, to contribute to export promotion and diversification, including by easing the energy and land constraints; and c) strategic development and promotion of services trade; (3) improving worker and consumer welfare by a) improving skills and literacy; b) implementing labor and work safety guidelines; and c) making safety nets more effective in dealing with trade shocks; and (4) building a supportive environment, including a) sustaining sound macroeconomic fundamentals; and b) strengthening the institutional capacity for strategic policy making aimed at the objective of international competitiveness to help bring focus and coherence to the government’s reform efforts. This second volume provides in-depth analysis across seven cross-cutting themes that underpin most of the findings of pillars 1 and 2 above.