Publication:
Rural Banking: The Case of Rural and Community Banks in Ghana

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dc.contributor.authorNair, Ajai
dc.contributor.authorFissha, Azeb
dc.date.accessioned2017-08-10T20:54:52Z
dc.date.available2017-08-10T20:54:52Z
dc.date.issued2010-05
dc.description.abstractThis case study describes the history and business model of the Rural and Community Bank (RCB) network in Ghana, analyzes its performance, identifies key issues, and makes recommendations on the way forward. The study analyzes the service delivery and financial performance of the RCBs. Before the establishment of RCBs in the late 1970s and the subsequent expansion of other service providers into rural areas, access to institutional credit for farm and nonfarm activities was scarce. The main sources of credit were moneylenders and traders that charged very high interest rates. In many rural communities, secure, safe, and convenient savings and payment facilities hardly existed. The first RCB was established in a farming community in the central region of Ghana in 1976. Rural communities showed tremendous interested in the community ownership and management features of RCBs, and by 1984 the number of RCBs reached 106. The introduction of a check payment system for cocoa farmers also spurred the establishment of local banks in many communities. The financial performance of many RCBs started to decline, however, for several reasons, including a drought that affected the country in 1983, weak governing ability, conflicts within boards of directors, and ineffective management in many RCBs. By the end of 2008, 127 RCBs were in operation with a total 584 service outlets. RCBs are regulated by Ghana's central bank, the Bank of Ghana, and thereby form part of the country's regulated financial sector. RCBs are the largest providers of formal financial services in rural areas and represent about half of the total banking outlets in Ghana.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/288531468006608213/Rural-banking-the-case-of-rural-and-community-banks-in-Ghana
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/27725
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/27725
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesAgriculture and Rural Development Discussion Paper;No. 48
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.subjectACCESS TO CREDIT
dc.subjectACCESS TO FINANCE
dc.subjectADB
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT BANK
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL FINANCE
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL SECTOR
dc.subjectAPEX BANK
dc.subjectAUTONOMY
dc.subjectBANK CREDIT
dc.subjectBANK MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectBANKING NETWORK
dc.subjectBANKING SERVICES
dc.subjectBANKING SUPERVISION
dc.subjectBANKING SYSTEM
dc.subjectBOARDS OF DIRECTORS
dc.subjectBORROWER
dc.subjectBUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS
dc.subjectBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT SERVICES
dc.subjectBUSINESS PLANS
dc.subjectCAPACITY BUILDING
dc.subjectCAPITAL ADEQUACY
dc.subjectCAPITAL REQUIREMENT
dc.subjectCAPITAL REQUIREMENTS
dc.subjectCASH FLOW
dc.subjectCASH FLOWS
dc.subjectCASH RESERVES
dc.subjectCENTRAL BANKS
dc.subjectCOLLATERAL
dc.subjectCOLLATERAL REQUIREMENTS
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL BANK
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL BANKS
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL LENDING
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL LOAN
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL LOANS
dc.subjectCOMMUNITY BANK
dc.subjectCOMMUNITY BANKS
dc.subjectCOMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectCOMPUTER TRAINING
dc.subjectCONSOLIDATION
dc.subjectCONSULTING SERVICES
dc.subjectCOOPERATIVES
dc.subjectCORRUPTION
dc.subjectCREDIT CONSTRAINT
dc.subjectCREDIT DECISIONS
dc.subjectCREDIT HISTORY
dc.subjectCREDIT LINES
dc.subjectCREDIT MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectCREDIT OFFICER
dc.subjectCREDIT OFFICERS
dc.subjectCREDIT POLICIES
dc.subjectCREDIT PORTFOLIO
dc.subjectCREDIT PORTFOLIOS
dc.subjectCREDIT PRODUCTS
dc.subjectCREDIT PROVISION
dc.subjectCREDIT RISK
dc.subjectCREDIT UNION
dc.subjectCREDIT UNIONS
dc.subjectCREDITWORTHINESS
dc.subjectCREDITWORTHY BORROWERS
dc.subjectCURRENT ACCOUNTS
dc.subjectCUSTOMER SERVICE
dc.subjectCUSTOMER SERVICES
dc.subjectDEBT
dc.subjectDEPOSIT
dc.subjectDEPOSIT ACCOUNT
dc.subjectDEPOSIT ACCOUNTS
dc.subjectDEPOSIT BALANCE
dc.subjectDEPOSIT BALANCES
dc.subjectDEPOSIT INSURANCE
dc.subjectDEPOSIT MOBILIZATION
dc.subjectDEPOSIT PRODUCTS
dc.subjectDEPOSITORS
dc.subjectDEPOSITS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT BANKS
dc.subjectDIRECT FINANCIAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectDISTRESSED BANKS
dc.subjectDONOR FUNDING
dc.subjectECONOMIES OF SCALE
dc.subjectELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
dc.subjectEMPOWERMENT
dc.subjectEXPORT EARNINGS
dc.subjectFARMERS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL ANALYSIS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL EDUCATION
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INSTITUTION
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION
dc.subjectFINANCIAL LITERACY
dc.subjectFINANCIAL MARKET
dc.subjectFINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectFINANCIAL REFORMS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SERVICE PROVIDERS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY
dc.subjectFIXED ASSETS
dc.subjectFIXED CAPITAL
dc.subjectFORMAL CREDIT
dc.subjectFORMAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectFORMAL FINANCIAL SERVICE
dc.subjectFORMAL FINANCIAL SERVICES
dc.subjectGROUP GUARANTEE
dc.subjectGROUP LENDING
dc.subjectGROUP LOAN
dc.subjectGROUP LOANS
dc.subjectGUARANTORS
dc.subjectHIGH INTEREST RATES
dc.subjectINCOME TAX
dc.subjectINDIVIDUAL ENTREPRENEURS
dc.subjectINDIVIDUALS WITH BANK ACCOUNTS
dc.subjectINFORMATION SYSTEMS
dc.subjectINFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
dc.subjectINSTALLMENT
dc.subjectINSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectINSURANCE POLICIES
dc.subjectINTEREST RATE
dc.subjectINTERNAL CONTROLS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subjectLACK OF ACCESS
dc.subjectLENDING REQUIREMENT
dc.subjectLENDING REQUIREMENTS
dc.subjectLENDING TECHNIQUES
dc.subjectLIQUIDATION
dc.subjectLIQUIDITY RISK
dc.subjectLOAN
dc.subjectLOAN AMOUNTS
dc.subjectLOAN APPLICATIONS
dc.subjectLOAN APPROVALS
dc.subjectLOAN DEFAULT
dc.subjectLOAN FUND
dc.subjectLOAN PORTFOLIO
dc.subjectLOAN PORTFOLIOS
dc.subjectLOAN PRODUCT
dc.subjectLOAN PRODUCTS
dc.subjectLOAN RECOVERY
dc.subjectLOAN REPAYMENT
dc.subjectLOAN SIZE
dc.subjectLOCAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectMFI
dc.subjectMFIS
dc.subjectMICRO ENTREPRENEURS
dc.subjectMICRO FINANCE
dc.subjectMICROCREDIT
dc.subjectMICROFINANCE
dc.subjectMICROFINANCE INSTITUTION
dc.subjectMICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectMICROFINANCE LOAN
dc.subjectMICROFINANCE LOANS
dc.subjectMINIMUM BALANCES
dc.subjectMONEY LAUNDERING
dc.subjectMONEY TRANSFER
dc.subjectMONEY TRANSFERS
dc.subjectMONEYLENDERS
dc.subjectMORTGAGE
dc.subjectNET WORTH
dc.subjectNONPERFORMING LOANS
dc.subjectNUTRITION
dc.subjectOPERATIONAL RISK
dc.subjectOUTREACH
dc.subjectOVERDRAFT
dc.subjectOVERDRAFTS
dc.subjectPAYMENT SERVICES
dc.subjectPERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
dc.subjectPOOR CLIENTS
dc.subjectPOOR CREDIT
dc.subjectPRIVATE FUNDING
dc.subjectPROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
dc.subjectPROFIT MARGIN
dc.subjectPROFITABILITY
dc.subjectPRUDENTIAL REGULATIONS
dc.subjectPUBLIC INVESTMENT
dc.subjectREPAYMENT
dc.subjectREPAYMENT CAPACITY
dc.subjectRESERVE REQUIREMENT
dc.subjectRESERVE REQUIREMENTS
dc.subjectREVOLVING FUND
dc.subjectRISK MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectRURAL BANK
dc.subjectRURAL BANKING
dc.subjectRURAL BANKS
dc.subjectRURAL BRANCHES
dc.subjectRURAL CLIENTS
dc.subjectRURAL CREDIT
dc.subjectRURAL FINANCE
dc.subjectRURAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectRURAL FINANCIAL SERVICE
dc.subjectRURAL FINANCIAL SERVICES
dc.subjectRURAL FINANCIAL SYSTEM
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSAVINGS ACCOUNT
dc.subjectSAVINGS ACCOUNTS
dc.subjectSAVINGS PRODUCT
dc.subjectSAVINGS PRODUCTS
dc.subjectSCHOLARSHIPS
dc.subjectSCHOOL BUILDINGS
dc.subjectSMALL FARMERS
dc.subjectSMALL LOAN
dc.subjectSMALLHOLDER
dc.subjectSMALLHOLDER FARMERS
dc.subjectSMALLHOLDERS
dc.subjectSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectSOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
dc.subjectSOLVENCY
dc.subjectSOURCES OF CREDIT
dc.subjectSUBSIDIARY
dc.subjectTAX SAVINGS
dc.subjectTECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
dc.subjectTECHNICAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectTIME DEPOSITS
dc.subjectTREASURY BILLS
dc.subjectUNIVERSAL BANKS
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectURBANIZATION
dc.subjectVILLAGE
dc.subjectVILLAGES
dc.subjectWORKING CAPITAL
dc.titleRural Bankingen
dc.title.subtitleThe Case of Rural and Community Banks in Ghanaen
dc.typeWorking Paperen
dc.typeDocument de travailfr
dc.typeDocumento de trabajoes
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleRural Banking
okr.date.disclosure2010-09-16
okr.date.doiregistration2025-05-05T11:41:17.433748Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/288531468006608213/Rural-banking-the-case-of-rural-and-community-banks-in-Ghana
okr.guid288531468006608213
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000356161_20100916014752
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum12764875
okr.identifier.report56591
okr.importedtrue
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/288531468006608213/pdf/565910NWP0ARD01UBLIC10GhanaRCBs1web.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeAfrica
okr.region.countryGhana
okr.topicFinance and Financial Sector Development::Access to Finance
okr.topicFinance and Financial Sector Development::Banks & Banking Reform
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Rural Poverty Reduction
okr.topicFinance and Financial Sector Development::Rural Finance
okr.topicRural Development::Agricultural Growth and Rural Development
okr.unitAgriculture & Environmental Serv (AES)
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