Publication:
Intellectual Property Rights, Human Capital and the Incidence of R&D Expenditures

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dc.contributor.authorBravo-Ortega, Claudio
dc.contributor.authorLederman, Daniel
dc.date.accessioned2012-03-19T18:38:12Z
dc.date.available2012-03-19T18:38:12Z
dc.date.issued2010-02-01
dc.description.abstractNumerous studies predict that developing countries with low human capital may not benefit from the strengthening of intellectual property rights. The authors extend an influential theoretical framework to highlight the role of intellectual property rights in the process of innovation and structural change. The resulting theory is consistent with a stylized fact that appears in the data, namely that countries with poor intellectual-property protection may accumulate human capital without a corresponding increase in research and development investment as a share of national income. The model predicts that without minimum intellectual-property protection, additional education may result in more imitation rather than innovation. The preponderance of the econometric evidence presented in this paper suggests that interactions between human capital and intellectual property rights determine global patterns of research and development effort, and intellectual property rights tend to raise the effect of education on the incidence of research and development.en
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100222151652
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-5217
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/3703
dc.languageEnglish
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5217
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectBANK POLICY
dc.subjectBERTRAND COMPETITION
dc.subjectBUDGET CONSTRAINTS
dc.subjectCAPITAL MOBILITY
dc.subjectCLOSED ECONOMY
dc.subjectCOMPLEXITY
dc.subjectCONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE
dc.subjectCOURNOT COMPETITION
dc.subjectDERIVATIVE
dc.subjectDERIVATIVES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
dc.subjectDISCOUNT RATE
dc.subjectDISCUSSION
dc.subjectDISCUSSIONS
dc.subjectDUOPOLY
dc.subjectECONOMETRIC MODELS
dc.subjectECONOMETRICS
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC STRUCTURE
dc.subjectELASTICITY
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS
dc.subjectENFORCEMENT PROCESS
dc.subjectEQUILIBRIUM
dc.subjectEQUILIBRIUM WAGES
dc.subjectEXISTING KNOWLEDGE
dc.subjectEXPECTED PRESENT VALUE
dc.subjectEXPECTED VALUE
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectEXPLORATION
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFUNCTIONAL FORMS
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGEOGRAPHIC REGIONS
dc.subjectGLOBAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectIDEA
dc.subjectIDEAS
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectINNOVATION
dc.subjectINNOVATIONS
dc.subjectINTEGRATION
dc.subjectINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
dc.subjectINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION
dc.subjectINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
dc.subjectINTEREST RATE
dc.subjectINTEREST RATES
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectINVENTION
dc.subjectINVENTIONS
dc.subjectINVESTMENT DECISIONS
dc.subjectIP
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectLOW INTEREST RATE
dc.subjectMARGINAL PRODUCT
dc.subjectMARKET EQUILIBRIUM
dc.subjectMARKET SIZE
dc.subjectNATIONAL INCOME
dc.subjectOPEN ECONOMY
dc.subjectPATENTS
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectPROCESS OF INNOVATION
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPROPERTY RIGHTS
dc.subjectPROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
dc.subjectR&D
dc.subjectRENTS
dc.subjectRESULT
dc.subjectRESULTS
dc.subjectRETURNS
dc.subjectSTATISTICAL DATA
dc.subjectSTRUCTURAL CHANGE
dc.subjectTRUST FUND
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectWEB
dc.subjectWEB SITE
dc.titleIntellectual Property Rights, Human Capital and the Incidence of R&D Expendituresen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaJobs
okr.crossref.titleIntellectual Property Rights, Human Capital And The Incidence Of R&D Expenditures
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T11:55:24.460700Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.docurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100222151652
okr.globalpracticeSocial Protection and Labor
okr.guid827291468331825668
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-5217
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20100222151652
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum11837117
okr.identifier.reportWPS5217
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2010/02/22/000158349_20100222151652/Rendered/PDF/WPS5217.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeThe World Region
okr.topicSocial Protections and Labor::Labor Policies
okr.unitDevelopment Research Group (DECRG)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isAuthorOfPublication2c812f70-403a-5905-88e4-bd90a5f31e96
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery2c812f70-403a-5905-88e4-bd90a5f31e96
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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