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An Empirical Analysis of the Social Contract in the Middle East and North Africa Region and the Role of Digitalization in Its Transformation

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dc.contributor.authorGasmi, Farid
dc.contributor.authorKouakou, Dorgyles C. M.
dc.contributor.authorNoumba Um, Paul
dc.contributor.authorMilla, Pedro Rojas
dc.date.accessioned2023-06-15T20:03:29Z
dc.date.available2023-06-15T20:03:29Z
dc.date.issued2023-06-15
dc.description.abstractThis paper presents an empirical application and analysis of the social contract in countries in the Middle East and North Africa. The paper suggests a simple operational model that synthesizes a social contract’s three main characteristics: participation, protection, and provision, between a government and its citizens. This empirical “3-P” framework allows investigating the role that government provision and protection may have on citizen participation, which is particularly pertinent given the political and economic development of countries in the Middle East and North Africa. The paper compares the evaluation of the health of the social contract in countries in the Middle East and North Africa region to that of countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The empirical evidence shows that the social benefits provided to citizens through improved delivery of basic services have come at the cost of impaired political participation. This feature of the social contract in the Middle East and North Africa may be considered one of the root causes of the social turmoil some countries have been struggling with in recent decades. Digital transformation is a potentially powerful channel through which the relationship between government and citizens can improve, and the paper finds that it has a three-year lagged positive effect on the quality of the social contract in the Middle East and North Africa and the effect is inversely U-shaped. This suggests that structural and institutional improvements are needed in countries in the Middle East and North Africa for the quality of their social contract to reach levels comparable to those of countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099810505242324163/IDU0aca77f6f0ff850411208fb10e1135391c4c7
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-10455
dc.identifier.urihttps://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/39885
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Papers; 10455
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/igo/
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectSOCIAL CONTRACT
dc.subjectDIGITAL TRANSFORMATION
dc.subjectORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (OECD)
dc.subjectDIGITAL DIVIDE
dc.subjectPARTICIPATION
dc.subjectGOVENMENT PROVISION AND PROTECTION
dc.titleAn Empirical Analysis of the Social Contract in the Middle East and North Africa Region and the Role of Digitalization in Its Transformationen
dc.typeWorking Paper
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleAn Empirical Analysis of the Social Contract in the Middle East and North Africa Region and the Role of Digitalization in Its Transformation
okr.date.disclosure2023-05-24
okr.date.lastmodified2023-05-24T00:00:00Zen
okr.doctypePolicy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099810505242324163/IDU0aca77f6f0ff850411208fb10e1135391c4c7
okr.guid099810505242324163
okr.identifier.docmidIDU-aca77f6f-ff85-4112-8fb1-e1135391c4c7
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-10455
okr.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-10455
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum34067628
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum34067628
okr.identifier.reportWPS10455
okr.import.id842
okr.importedtrueen
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099810505242324163/pdf/IDU0aca77f6f0ff850411208fb10e1135391c4c7.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeMiddle East and North Africa
okr.region.geographicalMiddle East
okr.topicSocial Development::Participations and Civic Engagement
okr.topicGovernance::National Governance
okr.topicGovernance::E-Government
okr.topicSocial Development::Quality of Life & Leisure
okr.unitDigital Dev-MNA (IDD08)
okr.unitDirector MNA Infrastructure (IMNDR)
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