Publication: Returns to Education in the Russian Federation: Variation Across Regions and Implications for Policy Development in Priority Regions
Loading...
Published
2020-06-09
ISSN
Date
2020-09-16
Editor(s)
Abstract
This paper uses regionally representative household survey data to determine the rates of return to education in different regions. Returns show a wide dispersion together with the labor market context. The paper’s policy recommendations will be particularly helpful to support human capital development of federally targeted economically and socially depressed regions.
Link to Data Set
Citation
“Melianova, Ekaterina; Parandekar, Suhas; Volgin, Artem. 2020. Returns to Education in the Russian Federation: Variation Across Regions and Implications for Policy Development in Priority Regions. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/34455 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”
Digital Object Identifier
Associated URLs
Associated content
Other publications in this report series
Journal
Journal Volume
Journal Issue
Collections
Related items
Showing items related by metadata.
Publication Returns to Education in the Russian Federation(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-06-09)This paper used institution level information about graduate earnings and estimates of fiscal and private costs to obtain fiscal and private returns to education using an internal rate of return calculation. As data has been collected so far only on earnings trajectories for three years following graduation, these are not lifetime returns, but they are adequate to provide relative estimates. Samara Energy College with private returns of 35 percent and fiscal returns of 13 percent leads the list of colleges. V.R. Fillipova Buryat State Agricultural Academy in Ulan Ude leads the universities list with private returns of 9 percent and fiscal return of 7 percent. Even though only preliminary results are presented here, the data length and model sophistication can only grow in the future. The resulting information on returns to investment will serve government stakeholders as well as individual students.Publication Returns to Education in the Russian Federation(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-06-09)This paper presents new estimates of the returns to education in the Russian Federation. Private returns to education are three times greater for higher education compared to vocational education, and the returns to education for females are higher than for males. Returns for females show an inverse U-shaped curve over the past two decades. Female education is a policy priority and there is a need to investigate the labor market relevance of vocational education. Higher education may have reached an expansion limit and it may be necessary to investigate options for increasing the productivity of schooling.Publication Returns to Education in the Russian Federation(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-09)This paper presents new estimates of the returns to education in the Russian Federation using data from 1994 to 2018. Although the returns to schooling increased for a time, they are now much lower than the global average. Private returns to education are three times greater for higher education compared with vocational education, and the returns to education for females are higher than for males. Returns for females show an inverse U-shaped curve over the past two decades. Female education is a policy priority and there is a need to investigate the labor market relevance of vocational education. Higher education may have reached an expansion limit, and it may be necessary to investigate options for increasing the productivity of schooling.Publication Returns to Education in the Russian Federation(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-06-09)This paper explores the topic of depreciation of human capital as a possible explanation for observed trends in the returns to education in the Russian Federation. Estimates of depreciation are presented for various sample groups. Depreciation first decreased and then increased in the period 1994-2018. University educated workers add human capital even after they stop full-time studies; this happens less with vocational graduates.Publication On the Use of Transparent Formulae to Allocate Federal Education Transfers(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2003-12)One of the key questions that arise in discussions of education decentralization, is how federal education resources should be allocated among the various states, and within states, among communities or schools. In general, there are two approaches: (1) bilateral negotiations between the federal government and states with little transparency as to the rules, and (2) formula-based distribution. The authors show that, based on econometric analysis on federal education transfers data in Mexico, the former approach can lead to allocation results that appear contrary to stated policy objectives like equity improvement and greater social inclusion in education. The authors then argue that contrary to common belief, the use of capitation, or per student allocation can improve not only efficiency but also equity. They present a theoretical model to analyze this hypothesis. The authors discuss several variations of the capitation formula, and present an analysis of the characteristics of the winners, and losers of their application, using Mexico as an illustration.
Users also downloaded
Showing related downloaded files
Publication Returns to Education in the Russian Federation(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-06-09)This paper used institution level information about graduate earnings and estimates of fiscal and private costs to obtain fiscal and private returns to education using an internal rate of return calculation. As data has been collected so far only on earnings trajectories for three years following graduation, these are not lifetime returns, but they are adequate to provide relative estimates. Samara Energy College with private returns of 35 percent and fiscal returns of 13 percent leads the list of colleges. V.R. Fillipova Buryat State Agricultural Academy in Ulan Ude leads the universities list with private returns of 9 percent and fiscal return of 7 percent. Even though only preliminary results are presented here, the data length and model sophistication can only grow in the future. The resulting information on returns to investment will serve government stakeholders as well as individual students.Publication Remittances: Development Impact and Future Prospects(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2005)Remittances explores policy options for enhancing the poverty alleviation impact of remittance money in recipient countries, and addressees concerns about increasing migration and inequality. It looks at new technologies that allow remittance service providers to reduce direct transaction costs and open new channels, enhancing convenience for remitters and improving levels of transparency and accountability for regulators and policy makers. Importantly, it also establishes a baseline for further research and collaborative effort, showing the areas where the international financial institutions, particularly the World Bank, can add value to enhance the positive impact of remittance flows and minimize less welcome effects.Publication Digital Africa(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2023-03-13)All African countries need better and more jobs for their growing populations. "Digital Africa: Technological Transformation for Jobs" shows that broader use of productivity-enhancing, digital technologies by enterprises and households is imperative to generate such jobs, including for lower-skilled people. At the same time, it can support not only countries’ short-term objective of postpandemic economic recovery but also their vision of economic transformation with more inclusive growth. These outcomes are not automatic, however. Mobile internet availability has increased throughout the continent in recent years, but Africa’s uptake gap is the highest in the world. Areas with at least 3G mobile internet service now cover 84 percent of Africa’s population, but only 22 percent uses such services. And the average African business lags in the use of smartphones and computers as well as more sophisticated digital technologies that catalyze further productivity gains. Two issues explain the usage gap: affordability of these new technologies and willingness to use them. For the 40 percent of Africans below the extreme poverty line, mobile data plans alone would cost one-third of their incomes—in addition to the price of access devices, apps, and electricity. Data plans for small- and medium-size businesses are also more expensive than in other regions. Moreover, shortcomings in the quality of internet services—and in the supply of attractive, skills-appropriate apps that promote entrepreneurship and raise earnings—dampen people’s willingness to use them. For those countries already using these technologies, the development payoffs are significant. New empirical studies for this report add to the rapidly growing evidence that mobile internet availability directly raises enterprise productivity, increases jobs, and reduces poverty throughout Africa. To realize these and other benefits more widely, Africa’s countries must implement complementary and mutually reinforcing policies to strengthen both consumers’ ability to pay and willingness to use digital technologies. These interventions must prioritize productive use to generate large numbers of inclusive jobs in a region poised to benefit from a massive, youthful workforce—one projected to become the world’s largest by the end of this century.Publication Moldova(Washington, DC, 2010-11)This country note for Moldova is part of a series of country briefs that summarize information relevant to climate change and agriculture for four pilot countries in the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) Region, with a particular focus on climate and crop projections, adaptation options, policy development and institutional involvement. The note series has been developed to provide a baseline of knowledge on climate change and agriculture for the pilot countries participating in the regional program on reducing vulnerability to climate change in ECA agricultural systems. This note for Moldova was shared with the Government and other agricultural sector stakeholders and used as an engagement tool for a National Awareness Raising and Consultation Workshop, held in Chisinau in October 2009. Feedback and comments on the note from this consultation process have been incorporated into this updated version in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industry (MAFI).Publication How Binding Is Supervisory Guidance?(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2022-05)This paper investigates whether banks respond differently to supervisory guidance than to specific regulatory action. Using a sample of subsidiaries of European banks operating in developing countries, the study exploits the sequencing in the supervisory and regulatory implementation of a reform on provisioning for credit losses for identification, generally referred to as European calendar provisioning. While the reform achieved the intended goal of reducing European banks’ nonperforming loan ratios, its effects were greater during the initial implementation of the supervisory guidance than after its enactment as a binding regulation. This finding is consistent with the notion that the subsequent formalization of the supervisory initiative within a regulatory framework achieved limited results because it eliminated the flexibility the regulatory authority had concerning the stringency with which European calendar provisioning was enforced. Finally, the study offers evidence of a mechanism through which policies in advanced economies affect banking outcomes in developing countries to which their local financial authorities should be alert.