Publication:
Trade Liberalization in China's Accession to the World Trade Organization

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dc.contributor.authorIanchovichina, Elena
dc.contributor.authorMartin, Will
dc.date.accessioned2014-08-21T20:19:01Z
dc.date.available2014-08-21T20:19:01Z
dc.date.issued2001-06
dc.description.abstractBefore reform, China's trade was dominated by a few foreign trade corporations with monopolies on the trade of specific ranges of products. Planners could control imports through these corporations so there was little need for conventional instruments such as tariffs, quotas, and licenses. Trade reforms increased the range of enterprises eligible to trade in specific commodities and led to the development of indirect new trade instruments, such as duty exemptions. Duty exemptions almost completely liberalized the imports of intermediate inputs used to produce exports and investment goods used in joint ventures with foreign enterprises. Comprehensive liberalization measures in China's World Trade Organization (WTO) accession package will help ease this problem as tariff reduction reduces the costs of domestic inputs to exporters. WTO commitments will also lead to the abolition of most nontariff barriers and of quotas on textiles and clothing. With accession, China's share of world exports may almost double between 1995 and 2005 - an estimate that is smaller than those found in studies that do not incorporate duty exemptions. (Duty exemptions were a form of partial liberalization, so any further reduction in protection will boost trade volume less than some estimate.) With reform, labor-intensive industries are expected to grow most, especially exports of apparel. Wages of unskilled worker should rise.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/06/1490130/trade-liberalization-chinas-accession-world-trade-organization
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-2623
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/19606
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper;No. 2623
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectACCESSION
dc.subjectACCESSION AGREEMENT
dc.subjectACCESSION NEGOTIATIONS
dc.subjectACCESSION PACKAGE
dc.subjectACCESSION PROCESS
dc.subjectACCESSION TO THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectACCESSION TO WTO
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL EXPORT SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRICES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PROTECTION
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL SECTOR
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL SECTORS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL TRADE
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICIES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectAPPAREL
dc.subjectAPPAREL EXPORTS
dc.subjectAPPAREL PRODUCTS
dc.subjectAPPAREL SECTOR
dc.subjectAUTOMOBILE SECTOR
dc.subjectAVERAGE
dc.subjectAVERAGE TARIFF
dc.subjectAVERAGE TARIFFS
dc.subjectBARLEY
dc.subjectBASE YEAR
dc.subjectBENCHMARK
dc.subjectBENEFICIAL IMPACT
dc.subjectBILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS
dc.subjectCAPITAL GOODS
dc.subjectCAPITAL STOCK
dc.subjectCOAL
dc.subjectCOMMAND ECONOMY
dc.subjectCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
dc.subjectCUSTOMS
dc.subjectCUSTOMS VALUATION
dc.subjectDEVELOPED COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTION SERVICES
dc.subjectDOMESTIC DEMAND
dc.subjectDUTY EXEMPTIONS
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC HISTORY
dc.subjectEMPIRICAL RESEARCH
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectEXCHANGE RATES
dc.subjectEXPORT MARKETS
dc.subjectEXPORT PROCESSING
dc.subjectEXPORT QUOTAS
dc.subjectEXPORT SECTORS
dc.subjectEXPORT TAX
dc.subjectEXPORT TAX EQUIVALENTS
dc.subjectEXPORT VOLUMES
dc.subjectEXPORTERS
dc.subjectFACTOR ENDOWMENTS
dc.subjectFORECASTS
dc.subjectFOREIGN ENTERPRISES
dc.subjectFOREIGN EXCHANGE
dc.subjectFOREIGN FIRMS
dc.subjectFOREIGN INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFOREIGN TRADE
dc.subjectFREE TRADE
dc.subjectGRAIN TRADE
dc.subjectGROUPS OF COMMODITIES
dc.subjectGROWTH RATE
dc.subjectHIGH IMPORT DUTIES
dc.subjectHIGH TRADE BARRIERS
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectIMPORT DUTIES
dc.subjectIMPORT MARKETS
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME ELASTICITIES
dc.subjectINCOME GROWTH
dc.subjectINCREASED COMPETITION
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL TARIFFS
dc.subjectINSURANCE
dc.subjectINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
dc.subjectINTENSIVE INDUSTRIES
dc.subjectINTERMEDIATE INPUTS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL MARKETS
dc.subjectLABOR- INTENSIVE
dc.subjectLABOR-INTENSIVE
dc.subjectMARKET ACCESS
dc.subjectMARKET LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectMARKET PRICES
dc.subjectMETALS
dc.subjectMONOPOLIES
dc.subjectNEGATIVE PROTECTION
dc.subjectNET EXPORTER
dc.subjectNONTARIFF BARRIERS
dc.subjectOIL
dc.subjectOPENNESS
dc.subjectPARTIAL LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectPOLICY MAKERS
dc.subjectPOLICY REFORMS
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subjectPROCESS OF LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectPRODUCERS
dc.subjectPRODUCT PRICES
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
dc.subjectPROTECTION RATES
dc.subjectPROTECTIVE IMPACT
dc.subjectQUOTA IMPORTS
dc.subjectQUOTA TARIFF
dc.subjectRATES OF PROTECTION
dc.subjectREAL EXCHANGE RATE
dc.subjectRESOURCE ALLOCATION
dc.subjectROUND AGREEMENT
dc.subjectSHARE OF WORLD EXPORTS
dc.subjectSTATE TRADING
dc.subjectSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS
dc.subjectSTATUTORY TARIFF
dc.subjectSTATUTORY TARIFF RATES
dc.subjectSTRUCTURAL CHANGE
dc.subjectTARIFF BARRIERS
dc.subjectTARIFF BINDINGS
dc.subjectTARIFF EQUIVALENTS
dc.subjectTARIFF PROTECTION
dc.subjectTARIFF RATE
dc.subjectTARIFF RATE QUOTAS
dc.subjectTARIFF RATES
dc.subjectTARIFF REDUCTION
dc.subjectTARIFF REDUCTIONS
dc.subjectTARIFF REFORM
dc.subjectTARIFFS
dc.subjectTAXATION
dc.subjectTELECOMMUNICATIONS
dc.subjectTIMBER
dc.subjectTOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectTOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
dc.subjectTOURISM
dc.subjectTRADE
dc.subjectTRADE COSTS
dc.subjectTRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectTRADE PATTERNS
dc.subjectTRADE POLICIES
dc.subjectTRADE POLICY
dc.subjectTRADE POLICY INSTRUMENTS
dc.subjectTRADE POLICY REFORM
dc.subjectTRADE REFORM
dc.subjectTRADE REFORMS
dc.subjectTRADE REGIME
dc.subjectTRADE REGIMES
dc.subjectTRADE RIGHTS
dc.subjectTRADE VOLUME
dc.subjectTRADING PARTNERS
dc.subjectTRADING RIGHTS
dc.subjectTRADING SYSTEM
dc.subjectTRANSITION ECONOMIES
dc.subjectTRANSITION PERIOD
dc.subjectTRIPS AGREEMENT
dc.subjectUNSKILLED WORKERS
dc.subjectURUGUAY ROUND
dc.subjectVALUE ADDED
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectWELFARE GAINS
dc.subjectWORLD ECONOMY
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectWTO
dc.subjectWTO ACCESSION
dc.subjectWTO AGREEMENT
dc.subjectWTO COMMITMENTS
dc.subjectWTO MEMBERS
dc.titleTrade Liberalization in China's Accession to the World Trade Organizationen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleTrade Liberalization in China’s Accession to the World Trade Organization
okr.date.disclosure2001-06-30
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T10:30:35.240897Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/06/1490130/trade-liberalization-chinas-accession-world-trade-organization
okr.globalpracticeTransport and ICT
okr.globalpracticeTrade and Competitiveness
okr.guid275091468770463367
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-2623
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000094946_01071704024384
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum1490130
okr.identifier.reportWPS2623
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2001/07/27/000094946_01071704024384/Rendered/PDF/multi0page.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeEast Asia and Pacific
okr.region.countryChina
okr.themeEconomic management
okr.themeTrade and integration
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::World Trade Organization
okr.topicTransport and Trade Logistics
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Free Trade
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Trade Policy
okr.topicAgribusiness and Markets
okr.topicEconomic Theory and Research
okr.topicEnvironmental Economics and Policies
okr.topicTransport
okr.unitTrade, Development Research Group
okr.volume1
relation.isAuthorOfPublication814995f9-044c-566a-9355-890a6ac260ae
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationd6af18a6-3a50-5065-99ee-20853402f262
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryd6af18a6-3a50-5065-99ee-20853402f262
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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