Publication:
Earnings Inequality Within and Across Gender, Racial, and Ethnic Groups in Four Latin American Countries

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dc.contributor.authorJacobsen, Joyce P.
dc.contributor.authorCunningham, Wendy
dc.date.accessioned2012-05-30T22:10:12Z
dc.date.available2012-05-30T22:10:12Z
dc.date.issued2008-04
dc.description.abstractLatin American countries are generally characterized as displaying high income and earnings inequality overall along with high inequality by gender, race, and ethnicity. However, the latter phenomenon is not a major contributor to the former phenomenon. Using household survey data from four Latin American countries (Bolivia, Brazil, Guatemala, and Guyana) for which stratification by race or ethnicity is possible, this paper demonstrates (using Theil index decompositions as well as Gini indices, and 90/10 and 50/10 percentile comparisons) that within-group earnings inequality rather than between-group earnings inequality is the main contributor to overall earnings inequality. Simulations in which the relatively disadvantaged gender and/or racial/ethnic group is treated as if it were the relatively advantaged group tend to reduce overall earnings inequality measures only slightly and in some cases have the effect of increasing earnings inequality measures.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/04/9355521/earnings-inequality-within-across-gender-racial-ethnic-groups-four-latin-american-countries
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-4591
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/6724
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper No. 4591
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectACCESS OF GIRLS
dc.subjectACCESS OF GIRLS TO EDUCATION
dc.subjectACCOUNTING
dc.subjectAFFIRMATIVE ACTION
dc.subjectAFFIRMATIVE ACTION POLICIES
dc.subjectANTIDISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectBETWEEN-GROUP INEQUALITY
dc.subjectCALCULATIONS
dc.subjectCASH TRANSFERS
dc.subjectCHILD LABOR
dc.subjectCONTRIBUTION
dc.subjectDATA SET
dc.subjectDATA SETS
dc.subjectDEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS
dc.subjectDEVELOPING AREAS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT BANK
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
dc.subjectDISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectEARNINGS
dc.subjectEARNINGS INEQUALITY
dc.subjectEARNINGS MEASURE
dc.subjectEARNINGS MEASURES
dc.subjectECONOMIC ACTIVITY
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC INEQUALITY
dc.subjectECONOMIC MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectECONOMIC REVIEW
dc.subjectECONOMIC STUDIES
dc.subjectEDUCATION LEVEL
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
dc.subjectEMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
dc.subjectEMPIRICAL RESULTS
dc.subjectEMPLOYEE
dc.subjectEMPLOYER
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectENDOWMENTS
dc.subjectENROLLMENT
dc.subjectENTRY POINTS
dc.subjectEQUAL PARTNERS
dc.subjectEQUAL PAY
dc.subjectEQUAL RIGHTS
dc.subjectEQUAL TREATMENT
dc.subjectETHNIC GROUPS
dc.subjectEXPLANATORY VARIABLES
dc.subjectEXTREME POVERTY
dc.subjectFAMILY INCOMES
dc.subjectFEMALE
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectGENDER
dc.subjectGENDER ANALYSIS
dc.subjectGENDER DIFFERENCES
dc.subjectGENDER INEQUALITY
dc.subjectGENDER QUOTAS
dc.subjectGENDERS
dc.subjectGLOBAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectGREATER ACCESS
dc.subjectGROUP INEQUALITIES
dc.subjectGROUP INEQUALITY
dc.subjectHIGH INEQUALITY
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD INCOME
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SURVEYS
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectINCOME DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectINCOME DISTRIBUTIONS
dc.subjectINCOME INEQUALITY
dc.subjectINDIGENOUS WOMEN
dc.subjectINEQUALITIES
dc.subjectINEQUALITY
dc.subjectINEQUALITY CHANGES
dc.subjectINEQUALITY INDEX
dc.subjectINEQUALITY LEVELS
dc.subjectINEQUALITY MEASURE
dc.subjectINEQUALITY MEASUREMENT
dc.subjectINEQUALITY MEASURES
dc.subjectINEQUALITY VALUES
dc.subjectINFORMAL SECTOR
dc.subjectINTERGENERATIONAL MOBILITY
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR MARKETS
dc.subjectLATIN AMERICAN
dc.subjectLEGISLATION
dc.subjectMEAN CHARACTERISTIC
dc.subjectMEASURE OF EARNINGS
dc.subjectMEASURED INEQUALITY
dc.subjectMEASURING INCOME INEQUALITY
dc.subjectMEASURING INEQUALITY
dc.subjectMINIMUM WAGE
dc.subjectMINIMUM WAGES
dc.subjectNET CHANGE
dc.subjectNET EFFECT
dc.subjectNORMAL DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectPEOPLES
dc.subjectPERSISTENT INEQUALITY
dc.subjectPOLICY MEASURES
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectPOPULATION STUDIES
dc.subjectPOPULATION SUBGROUPS
dc.subjectPOSITIVE EFFECT
dc.subjectPOVERTY CHANGES
dc.subjectPOVERTY RATES
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
dc.subjectPUBLIC POLICY
dc.subjectPUBLIC SECTOR
dc.subjectRACIAL GROUPS
dc.subjectREDISTRIBUTION POLICIES
dc.subjectREGIONAL INEQUALITY
dc.subjectREGRESSION ANALYSIS
dc.subjectREGRESSION RESULTS
dc.subjectRESEARCH ASSISTANCE
dc.subjectRISING INEQUALITY
dc.subjectSECONDARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectSOCIAL EXCLUSION
dc.subjectSOCIAL INEQUALITY
dc.subjectSOCIAL NETWORKS
dc.subjectSOCIAL PROTECTION
dc.subjectSOURCE OF INCOME
dc.subjectSOUTH AMERICA
dc.subjectVALUABLE
dc.subjectVOUCHERS
dc.subjectWAGE DIFFERENTIAL
dc.subjectWAGE DIFFERENTIALS
dc.subjectWAGE GAP
dc.subjectWAGE GAPS
dc.subjectWILL
dc.subjectWOMAN
dc.subjectWORTH
dc.titleEarnings Inequality Within and Across Gender, Racial, and Ethnic Groups in Four Latin American Countriesen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaGender
okr.crossref.titleEarnings Inequality Within And Across Gender, Racial, And Ethnic Groups In Four Latin American Countries
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T10:14:11.333520Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/04/9355521/earnings-inequality-within-across-gender-racial-ethnic-groups-four-latin-american-countries
okr.globalpracticePoverty
okr.globalpracticeFinance and Markets
okr.globalpracticeGovernance
okr.guid904671468005421981
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-4591
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20080414144634
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum9355521
okr.identifier.reportWPS4591
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2008/04/14/000158349_20080414144634/Rendered/PDF/wps4591.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeLatin America & Caribbean
okr.region.countryBolivia
okr.region.countryGuyana
okr.region.countryBrazil
okr.region.countryGuatemala
okr.topicFinance and Financial Sector Development::Access to Finance
okr.topicGender::Gender and Law
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Inequality
okr.topicGender::Gender and Development
okr.unitDevelopment Research Group (DECRG)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isAuthorOfPublication37bc44c3-8af5-5f13-acac-468a089b1e1e
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery37bc44c3-8af5-5f13-acac-468a089b1e1e
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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