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Breaking Even or Breaking Through: Reaching Financial Sustainability while Providing High Quality Standards in Higher Education in the Middle East and North Africa

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dc.contributor.authorJaramillo, Adriana
dc.contributor.authorMelonio, Thomas
dc.contributor.editorJaramillo, Adriana
dc.contributor.editorMelonio, Thomas
dc.date.accessioned2016-03-31T19:04:15Z
dc.date.available2016-03-31T19:04:15Z
dc.date.issued2011-08
dc.description.abstractHigher education (HE) systems worldwide are faced with three main challenges: providing young people with the skills required by the job market; improving access to high quality services; and seeking out new sources of financing to cope with the growing student demand. This document will provide evidence on the need to seek sustainable financing strategies for countries in Middle East and North Africa (MENA), whether they are high income economies, such as the oil producing countries, or low to middle income economies. Chapter one presents an overall description of HE graduates and the many challenges they face in their transition into the workforce. The different elements that affect this transition are discussed and special attention is given to the mismatches between labor supply and demand. Chapter two analyses the current levels of spending on HE, projects the future financing gaps taking into account the need to continue expanding access and improving quality and relevance, and provides a framework for funding approaches linked to meeting access, equity, and quality goals. Chapter three outlines ways of using current funds in more effective ways, emphasizing the need to align financing allocations with policy goals. Innovative funding allocations that link funding to performance and demand- as well as supply-side mechanisms are discussed. Chapter four discusses different ways to diversify sources of funding and presents alternative methods of cost-sharing. The chapter emphasizes the equity measures needed for cost-sharing mechanisms, such as student fees, and provides an overview of student loan programs used in MENA and elsewhere. Chapter five discusses the role of private provision of HE, and how this can be an alternative to increase access and quality, provided the necessary regulatory and quality controls are in place. Chapter six describes an alternative source of funding not yet common in MENA, namely the use of philanthropic resources to build endowments to support HE.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2011/08/15329126/breaking-even-or-breaking-through-reaching-financial-sustainability-providing-high-quality-standards-higher-education-middle-east-north-africa
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/23990
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/23990
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectACADEMIC PROGRAMS
dc.subjectACCREDITATION
dc.subjectACHIEVEMENT
dc.subjectALLOCATION MECHANISM
dc.subjectALLOCATION MECHANISMS
dc.subjectALLOCATION OF FUNDS
dc.subjectALTERNATIVE FINANCING
dc.subjectALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF FUNDING
dc.subjectAPPLICATION PROCESS
dc.subjectBANK LOANS
dc.subjectBANKING SYSTEM
dc.subjectBASIC EDUCATION
dc.subjectBASIC SKILLS
dc.subjectBLOCK GRANT
dc.subjectBLOCK GRANTS
dc.subjectBROAD ACCESS
dc.subjectBUSINESS ENTRY
dc.subjectBUSINESS TRAINING
dc.subjectCIVIL SERVICE
dc.subjectCIVIL SOCIETY
dc.subjectCOGNITIVE SKILLS
dc.subjectCOMMUNITY COLLEGES
dc.subjectCONTINUING EDUCATION
dc.subjectCORRUPTION
dc.subjectCOST-SHARING
dc.subjectCURRICULA
dc.subjectDEGREES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATION
dc.subjectDISADVANTAGED STUDENTS
dc.subjectDISCIPLINES
dc.subjectDISTANCE EDUCATION
dc.subjectDIVERSIFICATION
dc.subjectDROP OUTS
dc.subjectE-LEARNING
dc.subjectEARNINGS
dc.subjectECONOMIC ACTIVITY
dc.subjectECONOMIC CRISIS
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectEDUCATION LEVEL
dc.subjectEDUCATION OUTCOMES
dc.subjectEDUCATION POLICIES
dc.subjectEDUCATION PROGRAMS
dc.subjectEDUCATION QUALITY
dc.subjectEDUCATION SECTOR
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL GOALS
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL QUALITY
dc.subjectELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
dc.subjectEMPLOYERS
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT GROWTH
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectENDOWMENTS
dc.subjectENGINEERING EDUCATION
dc.subjectENROLLMENT
dc.subjectENROLLMENT GROWTH
dc.subjectENROLLMENT RATES
dc.subjectENROLLMENT RATIO
dc.subjectEQUIPMENT COSTS
dc.subjectEXPENDITURE
dc.subjectFACULTIES
dc.subjectFAMILIES
dc.subjectFIELDS OF STUDY
dc.subjectFINANCIAL AID
dc.subjectFINANCIAL AID TO STUDENTS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL NEEDS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectFINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY
dc.subjectFINANCING NEEDS
dc.subjectFISCAL POLICY
dc.subjectFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFOREIGN FIRMS
dc.subjectFOREIGN INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFORMAL EDUCATION
dc.subjectFORMAL EDUCATION SYSTEM
dc.subjectFORMAL EDUCATION SYSTEMS
dc.subjectFREE ACCESS
dc.subjectFUNDING SOURCE
dc.subjectGENDER
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT GRANTS
dc.subjectGRADUATE LEVEL
dc.subjectHIGHER EDUCATION
dc.subjectHIGHER EDUCATION FINANCING
dc.subjectHIGHER EDUCATION FUNDING
dc.subjectHIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectHIGHER EDUCATION SUPPLY
dc.subjectHIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEMS
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectINEQUALITIES
dc.subjectINEQUALITY
dc.subjectINFORMAL WORKERS
dc.subjectINFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectINSTITUTIONAL AUTONOMY
dc.subjectINSTRUCTION
dc.subjectINTELLECTUAL CONTRIBUTION
dc.subjectINTEREST RATES
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BANKING
dc.subjectINVESTMENTS IN EDUCATION
dc.subjectJOB MARKET
dc.subjectJOB TRAINING
dc.subjectKEY CHALLENGES
dc.subjectKNOWLEDGE ECONOMY
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE SURVEY
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR MARKETS
dc.subjectLABOR MOBILITY
dc.subjectLACK OF ACCESS
dc.subjectLEARNING
dc.subjectLEARNING OUTCOMES
dc.subjectLIFE SKILLS
dc.subjectMIGRANT WORKERS
dc.subjectNEW MARKETS
dc.subjectOPEN UNIVERSITY
dc.subjectOPERATIONAL COSTS
dc.subjectPER STUDENT EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectPOLYTECHNIC INSTITUTES
dc.subjectPRIMARY SCHOOLS
dc.subjectPRIVATE FUNDING
dc.subjectPRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION
dc.subjectPRIVATE INVESTMENT
dc.subjectPRIVATE INVESTMENTS
dc.subjectPRIVATE TERTIARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectPRIVATE UNIVERSITIES
dc.subjectPROFESSIONAL TRAINING
dc.subjectPROFITABILITY
dc.subjectPUBLIC EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectPUBLIC FINANCES
dc.subjectPUBLIC FUNDS
dc.subjectPUBLIC SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectPUBLIC UNIVERSITIES
dc.subjectPUBLIC UNIVERSITY
dc.subjectPUPILS
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER PARITY
dc.subjectQUALITY EDUCATION
dc.subjectQUALITY OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectQUALITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION
dc.subjectQUALITY STANDARDS
dc.subjectRATES OF RETURN
dc.subjectREAL ESTATE
dc.subjectRECESSION
dc.subjectREMITTANCES
dc.subjectREPEATERS
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSCHOLARSHIP
dc.subjectSCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM
dc.subjectSCHOLARSHIP PROGRAMS
dc.subjectSCHOLARSHIPS
dc.subjectSCHOOL DROP
dc.subjectSCHOOLING
dc.subjectSCHOOLS
dc.subjectSCIENTISTS
dc.subjectSECONDARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectSECONDARY SCHOOL
dc.subjectSECONDARY SCHOOL GRADUATES
dc.subjectSECONDARY SCHOOLS
dc.subjectSKILLS DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectSOCIAL BENEFITS
dc.subjectSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectSOCIAL JUSTICE
dc.subjectSOCIAL MOBILITY
dc.subjectSOCIAL NETWORK
dc.subjectSOCIAL SCIENCES
dc.subjectSOCIAL SKILLS
dc.subjectSOCIAL WELFARE
dc.subjectSOURCES OF FUNDS
dc.subjectSTUDENT AID
dc.subjectSTUDENT DEMAND
dc.subjectSTUDENT EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectSTUDENT FEES
dc.subjectSTUDENT INTAKE
dc.subjectSTUDENT LEARNING
dc.subjectSTUDENT LOAN
dc.subjectSTUDENT LOAN PROGRAMS
dc.subjectSTUDENT LOANS
dc.subjectSTUDENT POPULATION
dc.subjectSTUDENT SUPPORT
dc.subjectTAX CREDIT
dc.subjectTEACHING
dc.subjectTECHNICAL SKILLS
dc.subjectTERTIARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectTERTIARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectTERTIARY EDUCATION SYSTEM
dc.subjectTERTIARY EDUCATION SYSTEMS
dc.subjectTERTIARY ENROLLMENTS
dc.subjectTERTIARY GRADUATES
dc.subjectTRANSACTION COSTS
dc.subjectTUITION
dc.subjectTUITION FEES
dc.subjectUNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMS
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT RATES
dc.subjectUNFAIR COMPETITION
dc.subjectUNIVERSITIES
dc.subjectUNIVERSITY AUTONOMY
dc.subjectUNIVERSITY DEGREE
dc.subjectUNIVERSITY EDUCATION
dc.subjectUNIVERSITY GRADUATES
dc.subjectUNIVERSITY PROGRAMS
dc.subjectVOCATIONAL EDUCATION
dc.subjectVOUCHER
dc.subjectVOUCHERS
dc.subjectWORKERS
dc.titleBreaking Even or Breaking Throughen
dc.title.alternativeEnseignement superieru au Moyen-Orient et en Afrique du Nord : Atteindre la viabilite financiere tout en visant l'excellence Breaking even or breaking through : reaching financial sustainability while providing high quality standards in higher education in the Middle East and North Africaen
dc.title.subtitleReaching Financial Sustainability while Providing High Quality Standards in Higher Education in the Middle East and North Africaen
dc.typeReporten
dc.typeRapportfr
dc.typeInformees
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.date.disclosure2011-10-21
okr.date.doiregistration2025-05-07T10:00:08.475641Z
okr.doctypeEconomic & Sector Work::Other Education Study
okr.doctypeEconomic & Sector Work
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2011/08/15329126/breaking-even-or-breaking-through-reaching-financial-sustainability-providing-high-quality-standards-higher-education-middle-east-north-africa
okr.guid559701468051894858
okr.guid714021468275946360
okr.guid475761468275941860
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000333038_20111021034137
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum15329126
okr.identifier.report65054
okr.importedtrue
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2011/10/21/000333038_20111021034137/Rendered/PDF/650540WP00P126000final0808020110v3.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeMiddle East and North Africa
okr.region.geographicalMiddle East
okr.region.geographicalNorth Africa
okr.sectorEducation
okr.sectorEducation
okr.topicEducation::Teaching and Learning
okr.topicEducation::Access & Equity in Basic Education
okr.topicEducation::Education For All
okr.topicEducation::Tertiary Education
okr.unitHuman Development Group (MNSHD)
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