Publication:
Addressing Educational Disparity : Using District Level Education Development Indices for Equitable Resource Allocations in India

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dc.contributor.authorJhingran, Dhir
dc.contributor.authorSankar, Deepa
dc.date.accessioned2012-03-19T19:10:46Z
dc.date.available2012-03-19T19:10:46Z
dc.date.issued2009-06-01
dc.description.abstractThe challenge of development work in the social sector in India today is one of bridging huge disparities across regions of the country, gender and social groups. Unless national and state policies specifically target resources to address these disparities, achieving higher level outcomes in an inclusive manner, which is the real goal for human development in education and health, will be a distant dream. This paper takes up the case of the Indian government s Elementary Education for All Mission to understand how this flagship program relates investments to spatial and social disparities. For identifying the most deprived districts in terms of educational inputs, outputs and overall development, the authors estimate district level education development indices for 2003-2004. The contribution of the largest investment program is measured by "per child allocations" and expenditures at the state and district levels for 2005-2006. An analysis of comparing the ratio of allocations to expenditures with the ratio of district level indices to sub-dimensional indices shows that there is an apparent disconnect between the "real investment needs" of the districts, reflected in their level of educational development and the actual allocations made on an annual basis. The analysis shows that although all districts received more funds for investing in elementary education programs, the most disadvantaged and needy districts received proportionately more funds, which helped these districts to bridge access and infrastructure gaps and appoint more teachers. Benchmarking sector development by spatial entities helps not only in monitoring the outcomes, but also in targeting planning and funding to reduce disparities.en
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090604092157
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-4955
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/4147
dc.languageEnglish
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research working paper ; no. WPS 4955
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectACCESS TO EDUCATION
dc.subjectADDITIONAL FUNDS
dc.subjectADDITIONAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectADULT LITERACY
dc.subjectAGE GROUP
dc.subjectALTERNATIVE EDUCATION
dc.subjectALTERNATIVE EDUCATION CENTERS
dc.subjectARITHMETIC
dc.subjectARITHMETIC MEAN
dc.subjectATTENDING SCHOOL
dc.subjectAVAILABILITY OF CLASSROOMS
dc.subjectAVAILABILITY OF SCHOOLS
dc.subjectAVAILABILITY OF TEACHERS
dc.subjectBUDGETING
dc.subjectCAPITAL EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectCAPITAL EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectCAPITAL GOODS
dc.subjectCHILD LABOR
dc.subjectCLASSROOM
dc.subjectCLASSROOM RATIO
dc.subjectCLASSROOMS
dc.subjectCOMPLETION RATES
dc.subjectCONTRIBUTION
dc.subjectCURRICULUM
dc.subjectDECISION MAKING
dc.subjectDISADVANTAGED GROUPS
dc.subjectDROP-OUT RATES
dc.subjectDROPOUT RATE
dc.subjectDROPOUT RATES
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEPRIVATION
dc.subjectEDUCATION DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectEDUCATION EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectEDUCATION FACILITIES
dc.subjectEDUCATION FOR ALL
dc.subjectEDUCATION OF GIRLS
dc.subjectEDUCATION PLANNING
dc.subjectEDUCATION PROGRAMS
dc.subjectEDUCATION SECTOR
dc.subjectEDUCATION SERVICES
dc.subjectEDUCATION STATISTICS
dc.subjectEDUCATION SYSTEM
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTS
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL DISADVANTAGE
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL DISPARITIES
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL INDICATORS
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL INPUTS
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL PLANNING
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL SERVICES
dc.subjectELEMENTARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectENROLLMENT
dc.subjectENROLMENT RATES
dc.subjectENROLMENT RATIO
dc.subjectEQUITABLE ALLOCATION
dc.subjectEQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectFEMALE LITERACY
dc.subjectFEMALE LITERACY RATE
dc.subjectFINANCES
dc.subjectFINANCIAL GUIDELINES
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INVESTMENTS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectFREE TEXTBOOKS
dc.subjectGENDER DISPARITY
dc.subjectGENDER GAP
dc.subjectGENDER GAP IN ENROLMENTS
dc.subjectGENDER PARITY
dc.subjectGENDER PARITY INDEX
dc.subjectGIRLS
dc.subjectGLOBAL MONITORING
dc.subjectHIGH DROPOUT
dc.subjectHIGHER EDUCATION
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectINTERVENTIONS
dc.subjectINVESTING
dc.subjectINVESTMENT PROGRAM
dc.subjectKEY ROLE
dc.subjectLEARNING
dc.subjectLEVELS OF LITERACY
dc.subjectLINGUISTIC MINORITIES
dc.subjectLITERACY
dc.subjectLITERACY EDUCATION
dc.subjectLITERACY RATES
dc.subjectNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
dc.subjectNER
dc.subjectNET ENROLMENT
dc.subjectNET ENROLMENT RATIO
dc.subjectNUMBER OF SCHOOLS
dc.subjectNUTRITION
dc.subjectOUT OF SCHOOL CHILDREN
dc.subjectOUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN
dc.subjectPHYSICAL ACCESS
dc.subjectPHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectPOVERTY ALLEVIATION
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subjectPRIMARY COMPLETION
dc.subjectPRIMARY COMPLETION RATE
dc.subjectPRIMARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectPRIMARY EDUCATION PROGRAM
dc.subjectPRIMARY GRADES
dc.subjectPRIMARY LEVEL
dc.subjectPRIMARY LEVEL EDUCATION
dc.subjectPRIMARY LEVELS
dc.subjectPRIMARY SCHOOL
dc.subjectPRIMARY SCHOOL COMPLETION
dc.subjectPRIMARY SCHOOLS
dc.subjectPUBLIC INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectPUPIL TEACHER RATIO
dc.subjectPUPIL-TEACHER RATIO
dc.subjectQUALITY OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectQUALITY OF INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectREASONING
dc.subjectREPETITION RATES
dc.subjectRESOURCE ALLOCATIONS
dc.subjectRESPONSIBILITIES
dc.subjectSALARIES
dc.subjectSALARY
dc.subjectSCHOOL BUILDINGS
dc.subjectSCHOOL CONSTRUCTION
dc.subjectSCHOOL COVERAGE
dc.subjectSCHOOL DATA
dc.subjectSCHOOL FACILITIES
dc.subjectSCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectSCHOOL LEVEL
dc.subjectSCHOOL RATIO
dc.subjectSCHOOL SYSTEM
dc.subjectSCHOOLS FOR GIRLS
dc.subjectSENIOR
dc.subjectSERVICE TRAINING
dc.subjectSOCIAL GROUPS
dc.subjectSUPPORT GROUP
dc.subjectTEACHER
dc.subjectTEACHERS
dc.subjectTEXTBOOK
dc.subjectTEXTBOOK DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectTRAINING OF TEACHERS
dc.subjectUNIVERSAL ELEMENTARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectUNIVERSAL ENROLMENT
dc.subjectUNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectUPPER PRIMARY
dc.subjectVULNERABLE GROUPS
dc.titleAddressing Educational Disparity : Using District Level Education Development Indices for Equitable Resource Allocations in Indiaen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaGender
okr.crossref.titleAddressing Educational Disparity: Using District Level Education Development Indices For Equitable Resource Allocations In India
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T12:16:43.849853Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.docurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090604092157
okr.globalpracticeEducation
okr.guid594721468285568018
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-4955
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20090604092157
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum10631119
okr.identifier.reportWPS4955
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2009/06/04/000158349_20090604092157/Rendered/PDF/WPS4955.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeSouth Asia
okr.region.administrativeSouth Asia
okr.region.countryIndia
okr.region.geographicalSouth Asia
okr.region.geographicalAsia
okr.topicGender::Gender and Education
okr.topicEducation::Education For All
okr.topicEducation::Access & Equity in Basic Education
okr.unitDevelopment Research Group (DECRG)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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