Publication:
Korea and the BICs (Brazil, India and China) : Catching Up Experiences

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dc.contributor.authorChandra, V.
dc.contributor.authorOsorio-Rodarte , I.
dc.contributor.authorPrimo Braga, C. A.
dc.date.accessioned2012-03-19T19:13:25Z
dc.date.available2012-03-19T19:13:25Z
dc.date.issued2009-10-01
dc.description.abstractThis paper tests a neo-Schumpeterian model with industry-level data to analyze how Brazil, India, and China are catching up with South Korea s technological frontier in a globalized world. The paper validates Aghion et al. s inverted-U hypothesis that industries that are closer to the technological frontier innovate to escape competition while longer distances discourage innovating. It suggests that for effective catching up, distance-shortening (or innovation-enhancing) policies may be a necessary complement to liberalization. South Korea and China combined a variety of distance-shortening policies with financial subsidies to promote high tech industries and an export-led growth strategy. Post-liberalization, they leveraged swift competition to spur catch-up. In comparison, Brazil, which was as rich as South Korea, and India, which was as rich as China in 1980, are catching up more slowly. Import-substitution industrialization strategies saddled Brazil and India with a large anti-export bias, and unfocused attention to innovation-enhancing policies dampened global competitiveness. Post liberalization, many of their industries were too far behind the technological frontier to effectively benefit from competition. The catch-up experiences of Brazil, India, and China with South Korea illustrate that distance from the technological frontier matters and that the design of country-specific distance- shortening policies can be an important complement to trade liberalization in promoting catching up with richer countries.en
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20091027140420
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-5101
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/4292
dc.languageEnglish
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5101
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectANTITRUST
dc.subjectAUTOMOBILES
dc.subjectBANKING
dc.subjectBENCHMARK
dc.subjectBENCHMARKING
dc.subjectBUSINESS
dc.subjectCAPABILITIES
dc.subjectCAPABILITY
dc.subjectCHEMICAL
dc.subjectCLOSED ECONOMY
dc.subjectCOLLABORATION
dc.subjectCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
dc.subjectCOMPETITION
dc.subjectCOMPETITION POLICY
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVE EDGE
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVENESS
dc.subjectCONSULTANT
dc.subjectCONTENT
dc.subjectCOVARIANCE MATRIX
dc.subjectCREDIT
dc.subjectDATA
dc.subjectDATA LIMITATIONS
dc.subjectDATABASE
dc.subjectDEBT
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subjectDISCUSSION
dc.subjectDRIVERS
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC INTEGRATION
dc.subjectECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectECONOMIC RENTS
dc.subjectECONOMIC THEORY
dc.subjectECONOMY
dc.subjectEFFECTS
dc.subjectEFFICIENCY
dc.subjectELECTRICAL SOURCE
dc.subjectELECTRONICS INDUSTRY
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectEQUIPMENT
dc.subjectEXOGENOUS VARIABLES
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectFINANCE
dc.subjectFINANCIAL CRISIS
dc.subjectFOREIGN COMPETITION
dc.subjectFOREIGN TRADE
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGDP PER CAPITA
dc.subjectGLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS
dc.subjectGLOBAL MARKET
dc.subjectGLOBAL MARKETS
dc.subjectGOODS
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT POLICIES
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT REGULATIONS
dc.subjectGROWTH RATE
dc.subjectGROWTH STRATEGY
dc.subjectGROWTH THEORY
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectHUMAN RESOURCE
dc.subjectHUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectHUMAN RESOURCES
dc.subjectIDEAS
dc.subjectINCENTIVES
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME LEVELS
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL RESEARCH
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE
dc.subjectINDUSTRIALIZATION
dc.subjectINDUSTRY
dc.subjectINDUSTRY SCOREBOARD
dc.subjectINFORMATION
dc.subjectINNOVATION
dc.subjectINNOVATION POLICIES
dc.subjectINNOVATION POLICY
dc.subjectINNOVATION STRATEGIES
dc.subjectINNOVATION STRATEGY
dc.subjectINNOVATIONS
dc.subjectINPUTS
dc.subjectINSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
dc.subjectINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION
dc.subjectINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
dc.subjectINTUITION
dc.subjectINVESTMENT
dc.subjectIRON
dc.subjectLABOR
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectLAGS
dc.subjectLAW
dc.subjectLEADING
dc.subjectLEARNING
dc.subjectLICENSE
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC STABILITY
dc.subjectMANAGEMENT
dc.subjectMANUFACTURING
dc.subjectMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
dc.subjectMARKET COMPETITION
dc.subjectMARKET ECONOMIES
dc.subjectMARKET PLACE
dc.subjectMARKET SHARE
dc.subjectMARKETS
dc.subjectMEMORY
dc.subjectMEMORY CHIPS
dc.subjectMIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectMONITORING
dc.subjectMONOPOLY
dc.subjectMONOPOLY RENTS
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCE
dc.subjectNETWORK
dc.subjectOPEN ACCESS
dc.subjectORGANIZATIONS
dc.subjectOUTCOMES
dc.subjectPATENTS
dc.subjectPAYMENTS
dc.subjectPER CAPITA INCOME
dc.subjectPER CAPITA INCOMES
dc.subjectPETROLEUM REFINERIES
dc.subjectPOLICIES
dc.subjectPRICE
dc.subjectPRICES
dc.subjectPRIVATE INVESTMENTS
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR
dc.subjectPROCESS
dc.subjectPROCUREMENT
dc.subjectPRODUCTION
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
dc.subjectPRODUCTS
dc.subjectPROFITS
dc.subjectPROPERTY RIGHTS
dc.subjectR&D
dc.subjectRENTS
dc.subjectRESEARCH
dc.subjectRESULT
dc.subjectRESULTS
dc.subjectRISK
dc.subjectSEEDING
dc.subjectSEMICONDUCTORS
dc.subjectSOFTWARE
dc.subjectSTANDARDS
dc.subjectTARGET
dc.subjectTARIFF BARRIERS
dc.subjectTAX INCENTIVES
dc.subjectTAX SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectTAX SUBSIDY
dc.subjectTAXES
dc.subjectTECHNICAL SKILLS
dc.subjectTECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
dc.subjectTECHNOLOGIES
dc.subjectTECHNOLOGY
dc.subjectTECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
dc.subjectTOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectTOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
dc.subjectTRADE
dc.subjectTRADE BARRIERS
dc.subjectTRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectTRADE POLICIES
dc.subjectTRADE REFORMS
dc.subjectTRAINING
dc.subjectTRANSITION ECONOMIES
dc.subjectTRENDS
dc.subjectUNDERSTANDING
dc.subjectUSES
dc.subjectVALUE
dc.subjectVALUE ADDED
dc.subjectVARIABLES
dc.subjectVARIETY
dc.subjectWEB
dc.subjectWORLD ECONOMY
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE
dc.titleKorea and the BICs (Brazil, India and China) : Catching Up Experiencesen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaJobs
okr.crossref.titleKorea And The Bics (Brazil, India And China) : Catching Up Experiences
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T12:01:48.058420Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.docurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20091027140420
okr.globalpracticeSocial Protection and Labor
okr.globalpracticeWater
okr.guid347611468272431570
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-5101
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20091027140420
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum11266258
okr.identifier.reportWPS5101
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2009/10/27/000158349_20091027140420/Rendered/PDF/WPS5101.pdfen
okr.region.countryChina
okr.region.countryIndia
okr.region.countryKorea, Republic of
okr.region.countryBrazil
okr.topicSocial Protections and Labor::Labor Policies
okr.topicWater Resources::Water and Industry
okr.unitDevelopment Research Group (DECRG)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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