Publication:
Livelihood Impacts of Refugees on Host Communities: Evidence from Ethiopia

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dc.contributor.authorWalelign, Solomon Zena
dc.contributor.authorWang Sonne, Soazic Elise
dc.contributor.authorSeshan, Ganesh
dc.date.accessioned2022-05-19T15:57:34Z
dc.date.available2022-05-19T15:57:34Z
dc.date.issued2022-05
dc.description.abstractMost refugee hosting communities are characterized by high levels of poverty with precarious livelihood conditions, low access to public services, and underdeveloped infrastructure. While the unexpected inflow of refugees might bring both constraints and opportunities for improving and maintaining local livelihoods in these communities, the understanding of these effects remains limited. Using a household level micro data set from a 2018 baseline survey of the Ethiopia Development Response to Displacement Impacts Project, this paper assesses the impact of refugee inflow on the livelihood strategies of host communities with respect to diversification and agricultural commercialization. The endogeneity of refugee inflow is addressed by exploiting differences in factors that influence refugee arrival in the host communities. Specifically, the analysis uses potential refugee inflow as an instrument, which is the product of population density and intensity of conflicts (number of fatalities per event) in the closest region of the origin country to the refugee camp weighted by the distance of the refugee camp to the closest region. The paper also constructs an aggregate index to proxy households’ livelihood diversification strategies. The findings show that refugee inflow brings substantial benefits to host communities by creating significant jobs, in which people engage as secondary occupations, and triggers an increasing demand for livestock products. Specifically, while no effect was found on diversification of activities such as a primary occupation and crop product sales, a 1 percent increase in refugee inflow leads to a 2.7 percent rise in diversification of livelihood activities as a secondary occupation and a 15.9 percent increase in the value of livestock product sales. These effects tend to be heterogeneous across refugee hosting regions and the gender of the household head: negative effects were mainly observed in Gambella region, which hosts the largest refugee population in the country, and male-headed households were more likely to benefit from the refugee presence for the whole sample. The paper identifies households' increased engagement in different livelihood activities and access to markets as a potential mechanism for the observed effects. The findings add to the growing literature on the socioeconomic impacts of refugee inflow on host communities by showing an overall positive effect on the livelihoods and welfare of receiving communities.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099509505162226375/IDU06f3a1d0a0eaf50442f0837607b29ba4aedcd
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-10044
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/37456
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Papers;10044
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.subjectREFUGEE COMMUNITY
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICE ACCESS
dc.subjectDISPLACEMENT IMPACTS
dc.subjectETHIOPIA DEVELOPMENT RESPONSE TO DISPLACEMENT IMPACTS PROJEC
dc.subjectLIVELIHOOD ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectCOMMERCIALIZATION
dc.subjectREFUGEES
dc.subjectHOST COMMUNITIES
dc.subjectDIVERSIFICATION
dc.subjectREFUGEE CRISIS
dc.subjectPERMANENT DISPLACEMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC PRESSURE
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET IMPACT
dc.subjectPOVERTY
dc.titleLivelihood Impacts of Refugees on Host Communitiesen
dc.title.subtitleEvidence from Ethiopiaen
dc.typeWorking Paperen
dc.typeDocument de travailfr
dc.typeDocumento de trabajoes
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.date.disclosure2022-05-16
okr.date.lastmodified2022-05-16T00:00:00Zen
okr.doctypePolicy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099509505162226375/IDU06f3a1d0a0eaf50442f0837607b29ba4aedcd
okr.guid099509505162226375
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-10044
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum33819680
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum33819680
okr.identifier.reportWPS10044
okr.importedtrueen
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099509505162226375/pdf/IDU06f3a1d0a0eaf50442f0837607b29ba4aedcd.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeAfrica Eastern and Southern (AFE)
okr.region.administrativeAfrica
okr.region.countryEthiopia
okr.topicCommunities and Human Settlements::Human Migrations & Resettlements
okr.topicLaw and Development::Involuntary Resettlement Law
okr.topicSocial Development::Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement
okr.topicRural Development::Rural Labor Markets
okr.topicSocial Protections and Labor::Labor Markets
okr.unitHealth Nutrition&Population AFR3 (HAWH3)
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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