Publication:
Shadow Economies All over the World : New Estimates for 162 Countries from 1999 to 2007

Simple item page
dc.contributor.authorSchneider, Friedrich
dc.contributor.authorBuehn, Andreas
dc.contributor.authorMontenegro, Claudio E.
dc.date.accessioned2012-03-19T18:42:20Z
dc.date.available2012-03-19T18:42:20Z
dc.date.issued2010-06-01
dc.description.abstractThis paper presents estimations of the shadow economies for 162 countries, including developing, Eastern European, Central Asian, and high-income countries over the period 1999 to 2006/2007. According to the estimations, the weighted average size of the shadow economy (as a percentage of "official" gross domestic product) in Sub-Saharan Africa is 38.4 percent; in Europe and Central Asia (mostly transition countries), it is 36.5 percent, and in high-income OECD countries, it is 13.5 percent. The authors find a clear negative trend in the size of the shadow economy: The unweighted average of the 162 countries in 1999 was 34.0 percent and in 2007 31.0 percent; hence a reduction of 3 percentage points!.The driving forces of the shadow economy are an increased burden of taxation (both direct and indirect), combined with labor market regulations and the quality of public goods and services, as well as the state of the "official" economy.en
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20101014160704
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-5356
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/3928
dc.languageEnglish
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5356
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectABSOLUTE VALUES
dc.subjectAGGREGATE DEMAND
dc.subjectANNUAL GROWTH
dc.subjectBASE YEAR
dc.subjectBENCHMARK
dc.subjectBENCHMARKING
dc.subjectBUSINESS CLIMATE
dc.subjectBUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
dc.subjectBUSINESS REGULATION
dc.subjectCAPITAL STOCK
dc.subjectCOMPROMISES
dc.subjectCONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectCONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectCONTROL VARIABLE
dc.subjectCOVARIANCE MATRIX
dc.subjectCREDIBILITY
dc.subjectCURRENCY
dc.subjectCURRENCY DEMAND
dc.subjectDATA AVAILABILITY
dc.subjectDEPOSITS
dc.subjectDEREGULATION
dc.subjectDESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
dc.subjectDISTORTION
dc.subjectDRUG
dc.subjectECONOMIC CONDITIONS
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC THEORY
dc.subjectENDOGENOUS VARIABLES
dc.subjectEQUILIBRIUM
dc.subjectERROR TERM
dc.subjectERROR TERMS
dc.subjectEXOGENOUS VARIABLES
dc.subjectFOREIGNERS
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGDP PER CAPITA
dc.subjectGOVERNANCE INDICATORS
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT REGULATION
dc.subjectGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subjectGROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT
dc.subjectGROWTH RATE
dc.subjectHIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectIMPACT OF REGULATION
dc.subjectIMPORT
dc.subjectIMPORT QUOTAS
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME TAX
dc.subjectINDICATOR VARIABLE
dc.subjectINDICATOR VARIABLES
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR MARKETS
dc.subjectM1
dc.subjectMARKET ECONOMIES
dc.subjectMARKET REGULATIONS
dc.subjectMARKET STANDARDS
dc.subjectMEETING
dc.subjectMONEY MARKETS
dc.subjectOUTPUT
dc.subjectPARTICULAR COUNTRY
dc.subjectPER CAPITA INCOME
dc.subjectPOLICY ANALYSIS
dc.subjectPOLICY FORMULATION
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER PARITY
dc.subjectRECESSION
dc.subjectRECONSTRUCTION
dc.subjectREGRESSION ANALYSIS
dc.subjectREGULATORY FRAMEWORK
dc.subjectRULE OF LAW
dc.subjectSAFETY NET
dc.subjectTAX
dc.subjectTAX RATE
dc.subjectTAX RATES
dc.subjectTAX REVENUES
dc.subjectTAX SYSTEM
dc.subjectTAXATION
dc.subjectTRADE BARRIERS
dc.subjectTRANSITION COUNTRIES
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT RATE
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT RATES
dc.subjectVALUE ADDED
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectWIDELY USED CURRENCY
dc.titleShadow Economies All over the World : New Estimates for 162 Countries from 1999 to 2007en
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleShadow Economies All Over The World : New Estimates For 162 Countries From 1999 To 2007
okr.date.disclosure2010-06-01
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T11:40:35.317588Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.docurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20101014160704
okr.guid311991468037132740
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-5356
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20101014160704
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum12864844
okr.identifier.reportWPS5356
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2010/10/14/000158349_20101014160704/Rendered/PDF/WPS5356.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeEurope and Central Asia
okr.sectorOther social services,Compulsory pension and unemployment insurance,Compulsory health finance
okr.sectorHealth and other social services,Public Administration, Law, and Justice
okr.unitDevelopment Research Group (DECRG)
okr.unitHuman Development Sector Unit (ECSHD)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
Files
Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
Thumbnail Image
Name:
WPS5356.pdf
Size:
1.54 MB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Download
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
WPS5356.txt
Size:
203.87 KB
Format:
Plain Text
Download
License bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
license.txt
Size:
1.71 KB
Format:
Plain Text
Description:
Download
Collections
Policy Research Working Papers