Out-of-Pocket Expenditures on Health: A Global Stocktake

doi:10.1093/wbro/lkz009

Publication:
Out-of-Pocket Expenditures on Health: A Global Stocktake

dc.contributor.author	Eozenou, Patrick
dc.contributor.author	Wagstaff, Adam
dc.contributor.author	Smitz, Marc
dc.date.accessioned	2022-01-11T16:27:35Z
dc.date.available	2022-01-11T16:27:35Z
dc.date.issued	2020-07
dc.description.abstract	This paper provides an overview of research on out-of-pocket health expenditures by reviewing the various summary measures and the results of multi-country studies using these measures. The paper presents estimates for 146 countries from all World Bank income groups for all summary measures, along with correlations between the summary measures and macroeconomic and health system indicators. Large differences emerge across countries in per capita out-of-pocket expenditures in 2011 international dollars, driven in large part by differences in per capita income and the share of GDP spent on health. The two measures of dispersion or risk—the coefficient of variation and Q90/Q50—are only weakly correlated across countries and not explained by our macroeconomic and health system indicators. Considerable variation emerges in the out-of-pocket health expenditure budget share, which is highly correlated with the incidence of “catastrophic expenditures”. Out-of-pocket expenditures tend to be regressive and catastrophic expenditures tend to be concentrated among the poor when expenditures are assessed relative to income, while expenditures tend to be progressive and catastrophic expenditures tend to be concentrated among the rich when expenditures are assessed relative to consumption. At the extreme poverty line of $1.90-a-day, most impoverishment due to out-of-pocket expenditures occurs among low-income countries.	en
dc.identifier.citation	World Bank Research Observer
dc.identifier.doi	10.1596/36808
dc.identifier.issn	1564-6971
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/10986/36808
dc.publisher	Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the World Bank
dc.relation.ispartofseries	World Bank Research Observer
dc.rights	CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holder	World Bank
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo
dc.subject	OUT-OF-POCKET HEALTH EXPENDITURE
dc.subject	POVERTY
dc.subject	SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
dc.subject	FINANCIAL PROTECTION
dc.subject	HEALTH SPENDING
dc.subject	WELFARE
dc.subject	FERTILITY
dc.subject	FAMILY PLANNING
dc.subject	CHILD CARE
dc.subject	YOUTH
dc.title	Out-of-Pocket Expenditures on Health	en
dc.title.subtitle	A Global Stocktake	en
dc.type	Journal Article	en
dc.type	Article de journal	fr
dc.type	Artículo de revista	es
dspace.entity.type	Publication
okr.date.disclosure	2022-01-11
okr.date.doiregistration	2025-05-06T11:19:23.013385Z
okr.doctype	Publications & Research
okr.doctype	Publications & Research::Journal Article
okr.identifier.doi	10.1093/wbro/lkz009
okr.journal.nbpages	123-57
okr.language.supported	en
okr.peerreview	Academic Peer Review
okr.topic	Health, Nutrition and Population::Early Child and Children's Health
okr.topic	Health, Nutrition and Population::Health Economics & Finance
okr.topic	Health, Nutrition and Population::Health and Poverty
okr.topic	Health, Nutrition and Population::Reproductive Health
okr.unit	Development Research Group, Development Economics
okr.volume	35(2)
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