Publication:
The Cost of Adjustment to Green Growth Policies : Lessons from Trade Adjustment Costs

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dc.contributor.authorPorto, Guido
dc.date.accessioned2013-01-03T22:54:05Z
dc.date.available2013-01-03T22:54:05Z
dc.date.issued2012-10
dc.description.abstractGreen growth policies confront firms and workers with adjustments that may create welfare costs for different segments of the population and cause reductions in near-term actual versus potential gross domestic product. There is little evidence on the cost of adjustment to climate change measures, and only limited evidence for more general environmental policies, especially in developing countries. Therefore, this paper canvasses the research on adjustment costs to trade policies to draw analogies and highlight differences compared with the potential impacts of green growth policies. Trade policies affect prices and work directly on technology choice. In the presence of adjustment costs, firms may experience impacts on wages, employment, and incentives to adopt alternative technologies. Both types of trade policy impacts may be amplified by technology availability and credit constraints. Many green growth policies are likely to work via the same mechanisms, that is, taxes on emissions or changes in technology requirements. However, trade liberalization is typically seen as offering higher total incomes, albeit with winners and losers. Green growth policies are thought of as welfare-enhancing at the collective level but may not be income-enhancing at the individual level. This implies much more difficulty in measuring the potential gains associated with green growth policies.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/10/16862151/cost-adjustment-green-growth-policies-lessons-trade-adjustment-costs
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-6237
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/12079
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper;No. 6237
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE
dc.subjectADJUSTMENT COST
dc.subjectADJUSTMENT COSTS
dc.subjectADJUSTMENT POLICIES
dc.subjectADJUSTMENT PROCESS
dc.subjectAGGREGATE INCOME
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectAVERAGE WAGE
dc.subjectAVERAGE WAGES
dc.subjectBARGAINING POWER
dc.subjectBENCHMARK
dc.subjectCAPITAL ACCUMULATION
dc.subjectCAPITAL MARKET
dc.subjectCAPITAL MARKETS
dc.subjectCAPITAL STOCK
dc.subjectCARBON
dc.subjectCARBON ENERGY
dc.subjectCHILD LABOR
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectCOAL
dc.subjectCODES OF CONDUCT
dc.subjectCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
dc.subjectCOMPLIANCE COSTS
dc.subjectCONSUMERS
dc.subjectCREDIT CONSTRAINTS
dc.subjectDAMAGES
dc.subjectDEADWEIGHT
dc.subjectDEADWEIGHT LOSS
dc.subjectDEMOGRAPHIC
dc.subjectDEMOGRAPHICS
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING ECONOMIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subjectDISCOUNT RATE
dc.subjectDISCOUNTED VALUE
dc.subjectDISPLACED WORKERS
dc.subjectDRIVERS
dc.subjectEARNING
dc.subjectECONOMETRICS
dc.subjectECONOMIC ACTIVITY
dc.subjectECONOMIC RESEARCH
dc.subjectEFFICIENCY WAGES
dc.subjectELASTICITY
dc.subjectEMISSIONS
dc.subjectEMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
dc.subjectEMPLOYEE
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT EFFECTS
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT LEVELS
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT RESEARCH
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT TURNOVER
dc.subjectENERGY EFFICIENCY
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGES
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
dc.subjectEQUILIBRIUM
dc.subjectEXPLOITATION
dc.subjectEXPORT MARKET
dc.subjectEXPORT-ORIENTED INDUSTRY
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectEXTERNALITIES
dc.subjectEXTERNALITY
dc.subjectFACTOR MARKETS
dc.subjectFACTORS OF PRODUCTION
dc.subjectFAIR TRADE
dc.subjectFIRING COSTS
dc.subjectFIRM SURVEYS
dc.subjectFIXED CAPITAL
dc.subjectFIXED INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFOSSIL FUELS
dc.subjectFREE TRADE
dc.subjectFRICTIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGENERAL EQUILIBRIUM
dc.subjectGENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELS
dc.subjectGROWTH MODELS
dc.subjectGROWTH POLICIES
dc.subjectGROWTH POLICY
dc.subjectHOME COUNTRY
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD INCOME
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SURVEY
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SURVEYS
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectHUMAN RIGHTS
dc.subjectHUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES
dc.subjectIMPROVED WORKING CONDITIONS
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME INEQUALITY
dc.subjectINCOMES
dc.subjectINDUSTRY WAGE
dc.subjectINPUT PRICES
dc.subjectINSURANCE MARKETS
dc.subjectINTANGIBLE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectINVESTMENT CLIMATE
dc.subjectIRREVERSIBILITY
dc.subjectJOB DISPLACEMENT
dc.subjectJOB TRAINING
dc.subjectJOBS
dc.subjectLABOR ADJUSTMENT
dc.subjectLABOR ADJUSTMENT COSTS
dc.subjectLABOR ALLOCATION
dc.subjectLABOR ALLOCATIONS
dc.subjectLABOR DEMAND
dc.subjectLABOR DISPLACEMENT
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET ADJUSTMENT
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET FLEXIBILITY
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET POLICIES
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET REFORM
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET REFORMS
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET RIGIDITIES
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET TURNOVER
dc.subjectLABOR MARKETS
dc.subjectLABOR MOBILITY
dc.subjectLABOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectLABOR REALLOCATION
dc.subjectLABOR REGULATIONS
dc.subjectLABOR SUPPLY
dc.subjectLABOR UNIONS
dc.subjectLABOUR
dc.subjectLABOUR ADJUSTMENT
dc.subjectLABOUR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOUR MARKET REGULATIONS
dc.subjectLABOUR MOVEMENTS
dc.subjectLONG-RUN EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectMARGINAL PRODUCT
dc.subjectMARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectMARKET DISTORTION
dc.subjectMARKET DISTORTIONS
dc.subjectMARKET LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectMIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectMINIMUM WAGE
dc.subjectMINIMUM WAGES
dc.subjectNEW MARKET
dc.subjectNEW MARKET OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectNOMINAL WAGES
dc.subjectOLDER WORKERS
dc.subjectOPTIMIZATION
dc.subjectOPTION VALUE
dc.subjectOUTPUTS
dc.subjectPOLICY MAKERS
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectPOLLUTION
dc.subjectPOLLUTION TAX
dc.subjectPOTENTIAL GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subjectPRESENT VALUE
dc.subjectPREVIOUS SECTION
dc.subjectPRODUCERS
dc.subjectPRODUCTION FUNCTION
dc.subjectPRODUCTION WORKER
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVE FIRMS
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY GAIN
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY GAINS
dc.subjectPROFIT MAXIMIZATION
dc.subjectPROFIT SHARING
dc.subjectPROTECTED INDUSTRIES
dc.subjectPROTECTED INDUSTRY
dc.subjectQUOTAS
dc.subjectRATIONAL EXPECTATIONS
dc.subjectREAL WAGE
dc.subjectREAL WAGES
dc.subjectRENTS
dc.subjectSAFETY
dc.subjectSAFETY NET
dc.subjectSELLING PRICE
dc.subjectSKILL PREMIUM
dc.subjectSKILL PREMIUMS
dc.subjectSKILL UPGRADING
dc.subjectSOCIAL BENEFITS
dc.subjectSTARTUP
dc.subjectSTRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectTARGETED EMPLOYMENT SUBSIDY
dc.subjectTAXATION
dc.subjectTERMS OF TRADE
dc.subjectTRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectTRADE POLICIES
dc.subjectTRADE POLICY
dc.subjectTRADE REFORMS
dc.subjectTRAINING COSTS
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYED
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYED WORKER
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYED WORKERS
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE PROGRAM
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT TRANSITION
dc.subjectUNPROTECTED SECTOR
dc.subjectUNSKILLED LABOR
dc.subjectUNSKILLED WORKERS
dc.subjectURUGUAY ROUND
dc.subjectUTILITY FUNCTION
dc.subjectVALUE OF OUTPUT
dc.subjectVERTICAL INTEGRATION
dc.subjectVOLATILITY
dc.subjectWAGE BARGAINING
dc.subjectWAGE DIFFERENTIALS
dc.subjectWAGE GROWTH
dc.subjectWAGE INCREASE
dc.subjectWAGE INCREASES
dc.subjectWAGE INEQUALITY
dc.subjectWAGE LEVELS
dc.subjectWAGE PREMIUM
dc.subjectWAGE PREMIUMS
dc.subjectWAGE STRUCTURE
dc.subjectWAGE SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectWELFARE EFFECTS
dc.subjectWELFARE GAINS
dc.subjectWORKERS
dc.subjectWORKING CONDITIONS
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE
dc.subjectWTO
dc.subjectYOUNG WORKERS
dc.titleThe Cost of Adjustment to Green Growth Policies : Lessons from Trade Adjustment Costsen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaJobs
okr.date.disclosure2012-10-01
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T12:14:42.526682Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/10/16862151/cost-adjustment-green-growth-policies-lessons-trade-adjustment-costs
okr.globalpracticeMacroeconomics and Fiscal Management
okr.globalpracticeSocial Protection and Labor
okr.globalpracticeEnvironment and Natural Resources
okr.globalpracticeTrade and Competitiveness
okr.guid603071468162552843
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-6237
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20121022083544
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum16862151
okr.identifier.reportWPS6237
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/10/22/000158349_20121022083544/Rendered/PDF/wps6237.pdfen
okr.topicSocial Protections and Labor::Labor Markets
okr.topicSocial Protections and Labor::Labor Policies
okr.topicEconomic Theory and Research
okr.topicPrivate Sector Development::Emerging Markets
okr.topicEnvironmental Economics and Policies
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth
okr.topicEnvironment
okr.unitDevelopment Research Group (DECRG)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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