Publication:
Measuring the economic gain of investing in girls : the girl effect dividend

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dc.contributor.authorChaaban, Jad
dc.contributor.authorCunningham, Wendy
dc.date.accessioned2012-03-19T18:03:50Z
dc.date.available2012-03-19T18:03:50Z
dc.date.issued2011-08-01
dc.description.abstractAlthough girls are approximately half the youth population in developing countries, they contribute less than their potential to the economy. The objective of this paper is to quantify the opportunity cost of girls' exclusion from productive employment with the hope that stark figures will lead policymakers to reconsider the current underinvestment in girls. The paper explores the linkages between investing in girls and potential increases in national income by examining three widely prevalent aspects of adolescent girls' lives: early school dropout, teenage pregnancy and joblessness. The countries included in the analysis are: Bangladesh, Brazil, Burundi, China, Ethiopia, India, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Paraguay, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. The authors use secondary data to allow for some comparability across countries. They find that investing in girls so that they would complete the next level of education would lead to lifetime earnings of today's cohort of girls that is equivalent to up to 68 percent of annual gross domestic product. When adjusting for ability bias and labor demand elasticities, this figure falls to 54 percent, or 1.5 percent per year. Closing the inactivity rate between girls and boys would increase gross domestic product by up to 5.4 percent, but when accounting for students, male-female wage gaps and labor demand elasticities, the joblessness gap between girls and their male counterparts yields an increase in gross domestic product of up to 1.2 percent in a single year. The cost of adolescent pregnancy as a share of gross domestic could be as high as 30 percent or as low as 1 percent over a girl's lifetime, depending on the assumptions used to calculate the losses.en
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110808092702
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-5753
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/3514
dc.languageEnglish
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5753
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectABORTION
dc.subjectACCESS TO HEALTH
dc.subjectACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectADOLESCENCE
dc.subjectADOLESCENT
dc.subjectADOLESCENT BIRTHS
dc.subjectADOLESCENT FERTILITY
dc.subjectADOLESCENT GIRL
dc.subjectADOLESCENT GIRLS
dc.subjectADOLESCENT MOTHER
dc.subjectADOLESCENT MOTHERS
dc.subjectADOLESCENT PREGNANCIES
dc.subjectADOLESCENT PREGNANCY
dc.subjectADOLESCENTS
dc.subjectADULT WOMEN
dc.subjectADULTHOOD
dc.subjectBIRTH RATES
dc.subjectCHILD MARRIAGE
dc.subjectCHILD SURVIVAL
dc.subjectCHILDBIRTH
dc.subjectCOMPLETION RATES
dc.subjectCOMPLICATIONS
dc.subjectCULTURAL NORMS
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subjectDOMESTIC VIOLENCE
dc.subjectDROPOUT
dc.subjectDROPOUT RATES
dc.subjectEARLY CHILDBEARING
dc.subjectEARLY MARRIAGE
dc.subjectEARLY MOTHERHOOD
dc.subjectEARLY PREGNANCIES
dc.subjectEARLY PREGNANCY
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC FACTORS
dc.subjectECONOMIC GAINS
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY
dc.subjectECONOMIC OUTCOMES
dc.subjectECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectEDUCATED GIRLS
dc.subjectEDUCATION LEVELS
dc.subjectEDUCATION OF GIRLS
dc.subjectEDUCATION PROGRAMS
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL CURRICULA
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL LEVELS
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectENROLLMENT
dc.subjectENROLLMENT RATES
dc.subjectENROLMENT RATES
dc.subjectFAMILY INCOME
dc.subjectFEMALE EDUCATION
dc.subjectFEMALE EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectFEMALE POPULATION
dc.subjectFERTILITY RATE
dc.subjectFIRST BIRTH
dc.subjectFORMAL SCHOOLING
dc.subjectFREQUENT ABSENTEEISM
dc.subjectGAP BETWEEN GIRLS
dc.subjectGENDER
dc.subjectGENDER BASED VIOLENCE
dc.subjectGENDER DISPARITIES
dc.subjectGENDER EQUALITY
dc.subjectGENDER GAP
dc.subjectGENDER INEQUALITY
dc.subjectGENDER UNIT
dc.subjectGIRLS AT RISK
dc.subjectGIRLS IN SCHOOL
dc.subjectGLOBAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectGLOBAL HEALTH
dc.subjectGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subjectHEAD TEACHERS
dc.subjectHEALTH RISKS
dc.subjectHEALTHIER FAMILIES
dc.subjectHIGH COSTS
dc.subjectHIV
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectHUMAN POTENTIAL
dc.subjectHUMAN RIGHTS
dc.subjectINFANT
dc.subjectINFANT MORTALITY
dc.subjectINSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURES
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON WOMEN
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectINTERNSHIPS
dc.subjectINTERVENTIONS
dc.subjectINVESTMENT IN EDUCATION
dc.subjectJOB TRAINING
dc.subjectKIDS
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR MARKETS
dc.subjectLABOR SUPPLY
dc.subjectLABOUR DEMAND
dc.subjectLABOUR ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectLEARNING
dc.subjectLEAVING SCHOOL
dc.subjectLEVEL OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectLEVELS OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectLIFE EXPECTANCY
dc.subjectMARITAL STATUS
dc.subjectMARKET ECONOMY
dc.subjectMATERNAL CAUSES
dc.subjectMOTHER
dc.subjectNET ENROLLMENT
dc.subjectNEWBORNS
dc.subjectNUMBER OF ADOLESCENT PREGNANCIES
dc.subjectNUMBER OF BIRTHS
dc.subjectNUMBER OF GIRLS
dc.subjectNUMBER OF WORKERS
dc.subjectOFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE
dc.subjectOLD GIRLS
dc.subjectPOLICY DISCUSSIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY IMPLICATIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY MAKERS
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH REPORT ON GENDER
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
dc.subjectPOPULATION COUNCIL
dc.subjectPOPULATION DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectPOPULATION INFORMATION
dc.subjectPOPULATION INFORMATION PROGRAM
dc.subjectPOPULOUS COUNTRY
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subjectPREGNANCY RATES
dc.subjectPRIMARY DROPOUT RATES
dc.subjectPRIMARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectPRIMARY SCHOOL
dc.subjectPRIMARY SCHOOL DROPOUTS
dc.subjectPRIMARY SCHOOL FACILITIES
dc.subjectPRIMARY SCHOOL-AGED GIRLS
dc.subjectPRIVATE SCHOOLING
dc.subjectPROGRESS
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH
dc.subjectREGIONAL PATTERNS
dc.subjectREPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
dc.subjectREPRODUCTIVE HEALTH PERSPECTIVE
dc.subjectRETURNS TO EDUCATION
dc.subjectRISKY BEHAVIOR
dc.subjectRISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
dc.subjectSAFETY NETS
dc.subjectSCHOOL ATTENDANCE
dc.subjectSCHOOL LEAVERS
dc.subjectSCHOOLING
dc.subjectSCHOOLS
dc.subjectSECONDARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectSECONDARY ENROLMENT
dc.subjectSECONDARY LEVEL
dc.subjectSECONDARY SCHOOL
dc.subjectSECONDARY SCHOOL ATTENDANCE
dc.subjectSELF ESTEEM
dc.subjectSEX
dc.subjectSEXES
dc.subjectSEXUAL HEALTH
dc.subjectSEXUAL HEALTH CHOICES
dc.subjectSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectSOCIAL FACTORS
dc.subjectSOCIAL SCIENCE
dc.subjectSPOUSES
dc.subjectSTATE OF WORLD POPULATION
dc.subjectSYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS
dc.subjectTEACHING
dc.subjectTEEN
dc.subjectTEEN GIRLS
dc.subjectTEENAGE MOTHERHOOD
dc.subjectTEENAGE PREGNANCY
dc.subjectTERTIARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectTRAINING OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectUNICEF
dc.subjectUNINTENDED PREGNANCY
dc.subjectUNITED NATIONS
dc.subjectUNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND
dc.subjectWAGE DIFFERENCES
dc.subjectWAGE GAP
dc.subjectWORKFORCE
dc.subjectWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectYOUNG ADULTS
dc.subjectYOUNG FEMALES
dc.subjectYOUNG GIRLS
dc.subjectYOUNG MEN
dc.subjectYOUNG MOTHER
dc.subjectYOUNG MOTHERS
dc.subjectYOUNG PEOPLE
dc.subjectYOUNG WOMEN
dc.subjectYOUTH
dc.subjectYOUTH DEVELOPMENT
dc.titleMeasuring the economic gain of investing in girls : the girl effect dividenden
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaGender
okr.crossref.titleMeasuring the Economic Gain of Investing in Girls: The Girl Effect Dividend
okr.date.disclosure2011-08-01
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T11:19:57.577701Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.docurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110808092702
okr.globalpracticeEducation
okr.globalpracticeHealth, Nutrition, and Population
okr.guid730721468326167343
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-5753
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20110808092702
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum14752718
okr.identifier.reportWPS5753
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2011/08/08/000158349_20110808092702/Rendered/PDF/WPS5753.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeThe World Region
okr.region.administrativeThe World Region
okr.topicGender::Gender and Education
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Population Policies
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Adolescent Health
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population
okr.unitDevelopment Research Group (DECRG)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isAuthorOfPublication37bc44c3-8af5-5f13-acac-468a089b1e1e
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery37bc44c3-8af5-5f13-acac-468a089b1e1e
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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