Publication:
Developing a Housing Microfinance Product: The First Microfinance Bank's Experience in Afghanistan

Loading...
Thumbnail Image
Files in English
English PDF (1009.03 KB)
606 downloads
English Text (111.48 KB)
39 downloads
Published
2013
ISSN
Date
2017-02-22
Editor(s)
Abstract
The objective of this case study is to document an example of the successful design and implementation of housing micronance (HMF) products by analyzing the approach taken by the First Micronance Bank of Afghanistan (FMFB-A) from 2009 to 2013. This report aims to encourage other lenders to follow suit and offer housing-related loans to low-income earners. It is part of IFC’s MENA Micronance Knowledge Management project, which aims to raise awareness among micronanceinstitutions (MFIs) about the importance of risk management, product development, and transformation. FMFB-A was established in 2003 with the mission to reduce poverty and promote nancial inclusion by providing its clients with access to nancial services. Shareholders of FMFB-A are the Aga Khan Agency for Micronance (AKAM), Aga Khan Foundation USA, the German Development Bank (KfW), and the International Finance Corporation (IFC). FMFB-A has a nation-widepresence in Afghanistan and serves over 53,000 clients with an outstanding portfolio of 64.5 million dollars. Housing nance accounts for about 17 percent of its total portfolio. FMFB-Ais currently the only MFI in Afghanistan that offers a housing micronance product. FMFB-A implemented a rigorous, albeit exible, approach to the roll-out of its HMF products in Afghanistan. The idea to develop an HMF product at FMFB-A started in 2007 as a response to client demand. Its aim has been to increase access to housing micronance for Afghanistan’s low-income households in urban and rural areas. It also sought to improve the quality of housing for this segment by offering construction technical assistance (CTA) services.
Link to Data Set
Citation
International Finance Corporation. 2013. Developing a Housing Microfinance Product: The First Microfinance Bank's Experience in Afghanistan. © International Finance Corporation. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/26123 License: CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO.
Digital Object Identifier
Associated URLs
Associated content
Report Series
Other publications in this report series
Journal
Journal Volume
Journal Issue

Related items

Showing items related by metadata.

  • Publication
    A Framework for Housing Policy Reform in Urban Areas in Egypt : Developing a Well Functioning Housing System and Strengthening the National Housing Program
    (Washington, DC, 2008-06) World Bank
    This document builds upon several recent studies and reports carried out in the 2006-2007 period. The first note, entitled analysis of housing supply mechanisms (World Bank), analyzes the situation of housing supply in urban areas in Egypt, including the study of existing formal and informal mechanisms for the delivery of urban housing, the institutions responsible for supply and regulation, the characteristics of the formal and informal stock, and the institutional and regulatory framework governing land use planning and development. The second is a housing demand study in Greater Cairo (USAID TAPRII), which uses household data surveyed in December 2006 and yields results on the housing demand and household characteristics in the Greater Cairo Region. The third is an analysis of subsidized housing programs (USAID TAPRII), which assesses past, existing and pipeline subsidy programs in Egypt. International Best Practices were presented at a high-level workshop held in April 2007 with the intent of assessing different schemes of housing subsidies and reforms used in other emerging markets, in order draw lessons pertinent for Egypt. Finally, a note (World Bank) summarized the framework for moving from a program-based to a policy-based approach to housing sector reform, which was jointly developed by the World Bank and USAID TAPRII teams and discussed with Government of Egypt (GOE) policymakers in the high-level workshops of April and May 2007, and endorsed in September 2007. These studies and reports are briefly summarized in the annex (section seven) to this report.
  • Publication
    Expanding Access to Housing Finance : Task 1. Business and Sustainability Plan for Affordable Housing Finance Pilot Projects
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2009-07) Merrill, Sally; Kayiira, Duncan; Kalema, William
    The objective of the First Initiative Project in Uganda is to expand the access of households to housing finance, especially modest and lower income households, by introducing new and innovative housing loan products, by introducing innovative loan products combined with affordable housing designs. The project has delivered two studies to the Bank of Uganda: i) a study addressing the financial and banking sector context for housing finance, liquidity and liquidity management, and the resultant potential for use of retail funds for mortgage lending; and ii) a feasibility study for housing finance pilots targeted at modest and lower income households, seeking to introduce innovative loan products combined with lower cost house design in a planned urban setting. This paper, business and sustainability plan for affordable housing finance pilot projects, provides supporting technical detail for the feasibility study for design of pilot projects for modest and lower income households, including the need for more liquidity for lenders involved in lending to lower income households. Two types of pilot projects have been developed: one for starter homes for modest income households and one for an incrementally built home for low-modest income households. The recommended loan products include a down-market or, mini-mortgage, for the starter home and microfinance for housing for the lower income group. The paper: (i) outlines technical details regarding house design and loan product specifications; (ii) recommends the technical assistance and regulatory changes deemed necessary to implement successful pilot; and (iii) provides a brief commentary on actions that would assist such pilots reach sustainability and scale.
  • Publication
    Experiences of Microfinance Institutions Serving Very Small to Small Enterprises in Latin America
    (Washington, DC, 2014-07) International Finance Corporation
    Very small enterprises (VSEs) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) represent a broad and heterogeneous segment, often underserved by formal financial institutions. They are generally informal and often family businesses. The financial needs of these enterprises are typically overlooked by “downscaling” banks, which find larger and often more formal small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to be a more natural market for their products and services. Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) are starting to move upmarket to serve SMEs, and in particular, VSEs within this segment. However, they use varying definitions, methodologies and products to do so and to date there has been little research or documentation of their experiences. This report highlights the results of a recent study of the existing practices in Latin America of MFIs serving VSEs, where VSEs are considered to be those businesses with financing needs of between US$7,000 and US$30,000. It is a starting point for an institution considering entering the segment, or for one that finds itself having grown into the segment “organically” but with a view to strengthen its position. It includes several checklists for MFIs interested in expanding upmarket into the VSE space, as well as more detailed discussions and examples of the most relevant points.
  • Publication
    An Assessment of Housing for Low-income Groups in Danang : Phase II Report
    (Washington, DC, 2007-02) World Bank
    In August 2004, in response to a request from the Government of Vietnam (GOV), the WB/ IDA launched preparatory activities for the Priority Infrastructure Investment Project (PIIP) in Danang. The PIIP is a multi-sectoral infrastructure investment initiative aimed at poverty reduction and the promotion of economic growth. The Project reflects the national goals set out in the Comprehensive Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategy (CPRGS), and is in line with the overall development priorities of the City's Five-Year (2006-200) Socio-Economic Development Plan (SEDP). The (PIIP) Project objectives are to: i) improve the living conditions and productivity of low income residents through better access to basic services; ii) promote economic growth through strategic investments that enhance mobility and increase private sector participation in the City's economic development; and iii) improve city and district level management through institutional and human resource development and capacity building. During the course of (PIIP) Project preparation activities, the Government expressed a desire to include a further sub-component to support the provision of housing for poor households not affected by the Project. This provided the rationale for the Assessment of Housing for Low Income Groups in Danang, (hereinafter referred to as the Low Income Housing Assessment Study (LIHAS)), which will parallel, support and inform preparation of the PIIP Project, while not being an integral part of it. The Study will take account of Government housing policy as it affects low-income households (LIH) in Danang. In this regard there has been a move away from direct Government involvement in house construction for the public sector service which was found to be financially unsustainable. The scope of work is based on two phases with the second phase consisting of options and recommendations: this second stage report contains: i) determination of the effective demand for low-income housing; ii) description of alternative technical standards for low income housing in the city; iii) overview of the need for financing of low income households, the demand for finance and different models of low income household finance; iv) definition of an outline low income housing policy for Danang City v) models of low-income housing production with varying degrees of public and private participation; vi) suggestions relating to the institutional framework for public housing provision and management.
  • Publication
    Policy Note on the Business Environment for Inclusive Business Models
    (Washington, DC, 2012) International Finance Corporation
    This policy note has two goals. First, to assess whether inclusive business models face specific regulatory hurdles. Second, to recommend policies that creates a business environment conducive to inclusive business. Little research has been conducted on the first goal. This note analyzes survey answers from companies that applied to the G20 Challenge. These companies were asked to rank regulatory obstacles and explain whether these obstacles created significant hurdles to their ability to serve the base of the pyramid. On the second goal, this note highlights policy recommendations for governments, development finance institutions and donors. It also includes policy measures specific to countries and contexts. Some policy measures address regulatory hurdles for inclusive business models. Others support inclusive business models by providing incentives when needed. The first section analyzes survey answers from the 167 applicants for the G20 Challenge. The starting point was to listen to businesses a logical place to begin when seeking to improve the business environment. The second section describes policy measures for business models that include the base of the pyramid as producers or suppliers, focusing on agriculture. Businesses that source from small farmers have inclusive business models because they integrate farmers in their value chains. Small farmers are often considered base of the pyramid if their income is low or they lack basic goods or services. The third section describes policy measures for business models that include the base of the pyramid as customers particularly models that provide affordable housing, health, education and basic financial services. In many countries basic services are still mainly provided by the public sector or recently privatized companies and more stringent regulations often apply. This section describes regulations and policies that affect inclusive business models in these sectors. The fourth section describes roles for governments, development finance institutions and donors in supporting inclusive business models. The business environment is important because companies that do business with the base of the pyramid need to understand new markets, understand the market behavior of base of the pyramid customers, appraise new risks and develop new systems, business processes and training. Companies with inclusive business models also face perceptions from investors and lending institutions that the base of the pyramid is riskier than other markets.

Users also downloaded

Showing related downloaded files

  • Publication
    Classroom Assessment to Support Foundational Literacy
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-03-21) Luna-Bazaldua, Diego; Levin, Victoria; Liberman, Julia; Gala, Priyal Mukesh
    This document focuses primarily on how classroom assessment activities can measure students’ literacy skills as they progress along a learning trajectory towards reading fluently and with comprehension by the end of primary school grades. The document addresses considerations regarding the design and implementation of early grade reading classroom assessment, provides examples of assessment activities from a variety of countries and contexts, and discusses the importance of incorporating classroom assessment practices into teacher training and professional development opportunities for teachers. The structure of the document is as follows. The first section presents definitions and addresses basic questions on classroom assessment. Section 2 covers the intersection between assessment and early grade reading by discussing how learning assessment can measure early grade reading skills following the reading learning trajectory. Section 3 compares some of the most common early grade literacy assessment tools with respect to the early grade reading skills and developmental phases. Section 4 of the document addresses teacher training considerations in developing, scoring, and using early grade reading assessment. Additional issues in assessing reading skills in the classroom and using assessment results to improve teaching and learning are reviewed in section 5. Throughout the document, country cases are presented to demonstrate how assessment activities can be implemented in the classroom in different contexts.
  • Publication
    Argentina Country Climate and Development Report
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2022-11) World Bank Group
    The Argentina Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) explores opportunities and identifies trade-offs for aligning Argentina’s growth and poverty reduction policies with its commitments on, and its ability to withstand, climate change. It assesses how the country can: reduce its vulnerability to climate shocks through targeted public and private investments and adequation of social protection. The report also shows how Argentina can seize the benefits of a global decarbonization path to sustain a more robust economic growth through further development of Argentina’s potential for renewable energy, energy efficiency actions, the lithium value chain, as well as climate-smart agriculture (and land use) options. Given Argentina’s context, this CCDR focuses on win-win policies and investments, which have large co-benefits or can contribute to raising the country’s growth while helping to adapt the economy, also considering how human capital actions can accompany a just transition.
  • Publication
    Lebanon Economic Monitor, Fall 2022
    (Washington, DC, 2022-11) World Bank
    The economy continues to contract, albeit at a somewhat slower pace. Public finances improved in 2021, but only because spending collapsed faster than revenue generation. Testament to the continued atrophy of Lebanon’s economy, the Lebanese Pound continues to depreciate sharply. The sharp deterioration in the currency continues to drive surging inflation, in triple digits since July 2020, impacting the poor and vulnerable the most. An unprecedented institutional vacuum will likely further delay any agreement on crisis resolution and much needed reforms; this includes prior actions as part of the April 2022 International Monetary Fund (IMF) staff-level agreement (SLA). Divergent views among key stakeholders on how to distribute the financial losses remains the main bottleneck for reaching an agreement on a comprehensive reform agenda. Lebanon needs to urgently adopt a domestic, equitable, and comprehensive solution that is predicated on: (i) addressing upfront the balance sheet impairments, (ii) restoring liquidity, and (iii) adhering to sound global practices of bail-in solutions based on a hierarchy of creditors (starting with banks’ shareholders) that protects small depositors.
  • Publication
    Digital Africa
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2023-03-13) Begazo, Tania; Dutz, Mark Andrew; Blimpo, Moussa
    All African countries need better and more jobs for their growing populations. "Digital Africa: Technological Transformation for Jobs" shows that broader use of productivity-enhancing, digital technologies by enterprises and households is imperative to generate such jobs, including for lower-skilled people. At the same time, it can support not only countries’ short-term objective of postpandemic economic recovery but also their vision of economic transformation with more inclusive growth. These outcomes are not automatic, however. Mobile internet availability has increased throughout the continent in recent years, but Africa’s uptake gap is the highest in the world. Areas with at least 3G mobile internet service now cover 84 percent of Africa’s population, but only 22 percent uses such services. And the average African business lags in the use of smartphones and computers as well as more sophisticated digital technologies that catalyze further productivity gains. Two issues explain the usage gap: affordability of these new technologies and willingness to use them. For the 40 percent of Africans below the extreme poverty line, mobile data plans alone would cost one-third of their incomes—in addition to the price of access devices, apps, and electricity. Data plans for small- and medium-size businesses are also more expensive than in other regions. Moreover, shortcomings in the quality of internet services—and in the supply of attractive, skills-appropriate apps that promote entrepreneurship and raise earnings—dampen people’s willingness to use them. For those countries already using these technologies, the development payoffs are significant. New empirical studies for this report add to the rapidly growing evidence that mobile internet availability directly raises enterprise productivity, increases jobs, and reduces poverty throughout Africa. To realize these and other benefits more widely, Africa’s countries must implement complementary and mutually reinforcing policies to strengthen both consumers’ ability to pay and willingness to use digital technologies. These interventions must prioritize productive use to generate large numbers of inclusive jobs in a region poised to benefit from a massive, youthful workforce—one projected to become the world’s largest by the end of this century.
  • Publication
    World Development Report 2006
    (Washington, DC, 2005) World Bank
    This year’s Word Development Report (WDR), the twenty-eighth, looks at the role of equity in the development process. It defines equity in terms of two basic principles. The first is equal opportunities: that a person’s chances in life should be determined by his or her talents and efforts, rather than by pre-determined circumstances such as race, gender, social or family background. The second principle is the avoidance of extreme deprivation in outcomes, particularly in health, education and consumption levels. This principle thus includes the objective of poverty reduction. The report’s main message is that, in the long run, the pursuit of equity and the pursuit of economic prosperity are complementary. In addition to detailed chapters exploring these and related issues, the Report contains selected data from the World Development Indicators 2005‹an appendix of economic and social data for over 200 countries. This Report offers practical insights for policymakers, executives, scholars, and all those with an interest in economic development.