Publication:
Child Farm Labor : The Wealth Paradox

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creativeworkseries.issn1564-698X
dc.contributor.authorBhalotra, Sonia
dc.contributor.authorHeady, Christopher
dc.date.accessioned2014-02-26T17:58:43Z
dc.date.available2014-02-26T17:58:43Z
dc.date.issued2003-05
dc.description.abstractThis article is motivated by the remarkable observation that children of land-rich households are often more likely to be in work than the children of land-poor households. The vast majority of working children in developing economies are in agricultural work, predominantly on farms operated by their families. Land is the most important store of wealth in agrarian societies, and it is typically distributed very unequally. These facts challenge the common presumption that child labor emerges from the poorest households. This article suggests that this apparent paradox can be explained by failures of the markets for labor and land. Credit market failure will tend to weaken the force of this paradox. These effects are modeled and estimates obtained using survey data from rural Pakistan and Ghana. The main result is that the wealth paradox persists for girls in both countries, whereas for boys it disappears after conditioning on other covariates.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/05/17741964/child-farm-labor-wealth-paradox
dc.identifier.citationWorld Bank Economic Review
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/17177
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/17177
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC: World Bank
dc.relation.ispartofseriesWorld Bank Economic Review
dc.rightsCC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo
dc.subjectAGE GROUP
dc.subjectAIDS ORPHANS
dc.subjectBARGAINING
dc.subjectBARGAINING POWER
dc.subjectCAPITAL MARKETS
dc.subjectCHILD LABOR
dc.subjectCHILD LABOR DECLINE
dc.subjectCHILD LABOUR
dc.subjectCHILD WORK
dc.subjectCHILD WORKERS
dc.subjectCONSUMPTION SMOOTHING
dc.subjectDEBT
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
dc.subjectECONOMIC ANALYSIS
dc.subjectECONOMICS
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL LEVEL
dc.subjectELASTICITY
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT RATES
dc.subjectETHNIC GROUPS
dc.subjectEXCLUSION RESTRICTION
dc.subjectEXOGENOUS VARIABLES
dc.subjectEXTENDED FAMILIES
dc.subjectFACTOR MARKETS
dc.subjectFAMILY LABOR
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR
dc.subjectFINANCIAL MARKETS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SERVICES
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISE
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISES
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD INCOME
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD STRUCTURE
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SURVEY
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SURVEYS
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME REDISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectINSURANCE
dc.subjectINTEREST RATES
dc.subjectLABOR DEMAND
dc.subjectLABOR ECONOMICS
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET DISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectLABOR MARKETS
dc.subjectLABOR SHORTAGES
dc.subjectLABOR STANDARDS
dc.subjectLABOR SUPPLY
dc.subjectLABOUR
dc.subjectLABOUR MARKETS
dc.subjectLABOUR STANDARDS
dc.subjectLABOUR SUPPLY
dc.subjectLAND USE
dc.subjectLAWS
dc.subjectLEGISLATION
dc.subjectLIVING STANDARDS
dc.subjectMARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectMARKET WAGE
dc.subjectMINIMUM WAGE
dc.subjectMORAL HAZARD
dc.subjectOCCUPATION
dc.subjectPARENTAL EDUCATION
dc.subjectPERFECT MARKETS
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectPRECEDING DISCUSSION
dc.subjectPRESENT EVIDENCE
dc.subjectPREVIOUS STUDIES
dc.subjectPREVIOUS STUDY
dc.subjectPREVIOUS WORK
dc.subjectPRIMARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectPRIMARY SCHOOL
dc.subjectPRODUCTION FUNCTION
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPUBLIC POLICY
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSPORT
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectRURAL LABOR
dc.subjectRURAL LABOR MARKET
dc.subjectSCHOOL ATTENDANCE
dc.subjectSECONDARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectSECONDARY SCHOOL EDUCATION
dc.subjectSOCIAL NORMS
dc.subjectSOCIAL PROTECTION
dc.subjectSUBSTITUTION EFFECTS
dc.subjectTAX
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT RATE
dc.subjectWAGE EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectWAGE INCREASE
dc.subjectWAGE RATE
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectWELL-FUNCTIONING LABOR MARKET
dc.subjectWORK ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectWORK EXPERIENCE
dc.subjectWORKER
dc.subjectWORKERS
dc.subjectWORKING CHILDREN
dc.subjectYOUNG CHILDREN
dc.titleChild Farm Labor : The Wealth Paradoxen
dc.typeJournal Articleen
dc.typeArticle de journalfr
dc.typeArtículo de revistaes
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaJobs
okr.date.disclosure2013-05-22
okr.date.doiregistration2025-05-06T10:54:11.542182Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Journal Article
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/05/17741964/child-farm-labor-wealth-paradox
okr.globalpracticeSocial, Urban, Rural and Resilience
okr.globalpracticeMacroeconomics and Fiscal Management
okr.globalpracticeSocial Protection and Labor
okr.globalpracticeFinance and Markets
okr.guid343821468179964730
okr.identifier.doi10.1093/wber/lhg017
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000442464_20130522120655
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum17741964
okr.identifier.report77404
okr.journal.nbpages197-227
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2013/05/22/000442464_20130522120655/Rendered/PDF/774040JRN020030IC00Child0Farm0Labor.pdfen
okr.peerreviewAcademic Peer Review
okr.topicSocial Protections and Labor::Labor Policies
okr.topicSocial Protections and Labor::Labor Markets
okr.topicUrban Development::Street Children
okr.topicBanks and Banking Reform
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Political Economy
okr.topicFinance and Financial Sector Development
okr.unitOff of Sr VP Dev Econ/Chief Econ (DECVP)
okr.volume17(2)
relation.isJournalIssueOfPublicationafb0950d-b217-41b1-b8fa-46a80a640c9e
relation.isJournalIssueOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryafb0950d-b217-41b1-b8fa-46a80a640c9e
relation.isJournalOfPublicationc41eae2f-cf94-449d-86b7-f062aebe893f
relation.isJournalVolumeOfPublicationa55c2a67-3e0a-4c40-8bd9-55d5bea7fd0c
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