Publication:
Cost Recovery, Equity, and Efficiency in Water Tariffs : Evidence from African Utilities

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dc.contributor.authorYing, Yvonne
dc.contributor.authorBanerjee, Sudeshna
dc.contributor.authorSkilling, Heather
dc.contributor.authorFoster, Vivien
dc.contributor.authorWodon, Quentin
dc.date.accessioned2012-03-19T18:41:14Z
dc.date.available2012-03-19T18:41:14Z
dc.date.issued2010-07-01
dc.description.abstractWater and sanitation utilities in Africa operate in a high-cost environment. They also have a mandate to at least partially recover their costs of operations and maintenance (O&M). As a result, water tariffs are higher than in other regions of the world. The increasing block tariff (IBT) is the most common tariff structure in Africa. Most African utilities are able to achieve O&M cost recovery at the highest block tariffs, but not at the first-block tariffs, which are designed to provide affordable water to low-volume consumers, who are often poor. At the same time, few utilities can recover even a small part of their capital costs, even in the highest tariff blocks. Unfortunately, the equity objectives of the IBT structure are not met in many countries. The subsidy to the lowest tariff-block does not benefit the poor exclusively, and the minimum consumption charge is often burdensome for the poorest customers. Many poor households cannot even afford a connection to the piped water network. This can be a significant barrier to expansion for utilities. Therefore, many countries have begun to subsidize household connections. For many households, standposts managed by utilities, donors, or private operators have emerged as an alternative to piped water. Those managed by utilities or that supply utility water are expected to use the formal utility tariffs, which are kept low to make water affordable for low-income households. The price for water that is resold through informal channels, however, is much more expensive than piped water.en
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100728131236
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-5384
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/3868
dc.languageEnglish
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5384
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectADMINISTRATIVE COSTS
dc.subjectAFFORDABLE WATER
dc.subjectAVERAGE TARIFF
dc.subjectAVERAGE TARIFFS
dc.subjectBALANCE
dc.subjectBLOCK STRUCTURE
dc.subjectBLOCK TARIFF
dc.subjectBLOCK TARIFF STRUCTURE
dc.subjectBLOCK TARIFFS
dc.subjectCAPACITY BUILDING
dc.subjectCAPITAL COSTS
dc.subjectCENTRAL GOVERNMENT
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL CUSTOMERS
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL TARIFFS
dc.subjectCONNECTION CHARGE
dc.subjectCONNECTION CHARGES
dc.subjectCONNECTION COST
dc.subjectCONNECTION COSTS
dc.subjectCONNECTION FEE
dc.subjectCONNECTION FEE FOR SEWERAGE
dc.subjectCONSUMPTION BLOCKS
dc.subjectCONSUMPTION CHARGE
dc.subjectCOST OF WATER
dc.subjectCOST RECOVERY
dc.subjectCOVERING
dc.subjectCROSS-SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectCROSS-SUBSIDIZATION
dc.subjectCUBIC METER
dc.subjectCUBIC METERS
dc.subjectCUBIC METERS PER MONTH
dc.subjectDEMAND MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectDESALINATION
dc.subjectDISCOUNT RATE
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTION OF WATER
dc.subjectECONOMIC BENEFITS
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
dc.subjectEFFECTIVE PRICE
dc.subjectEFFICIENT PRICE
dc.subjectELECTRICITY
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectEQUITY CRITERION
dc.subjectEXORBITANT TARIFFS
dc.subjectFIXED CHARGE
dc.subjectFIXED CHARGES
dc.subjectFIXED COSTS
dc.subjectFIXED FEE
dc.subjectFLAT CHARGES
dc.subjectFORMAL UTILITY
dc.subjectFREE WATER
dc.subjectGRAVITY
dc.subjectGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subjectHIGH-VOLUME CONSUMERS
dc.subjectHIGHER CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD CONNECTION
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD CONNECTIONS
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectINFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL WATER
dc.subjectINVESTMENT COST
dc.subjectINVESTMENT COSTS
dc.subjectIRRIGATION
dc.subjectLEAKAGE
dc.subjectLEVEL OF CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectLEVELS OF CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectLOW TARIFFS
dc.subjectLOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectLOWER PRICES
dc.subjectMAINTENANCE COSTS
dc.subjectMARGINAL BENEFITS
dc.subjectMARGINAL COST
dc.subjectMARKET CONDITIONS
dc.subjectMETER READING
dc.subjectMETERING
dc.subjectNATIONAL WATER
dc.subjectNATIONAL WATER COMPANY
dc.subjectNUMBER OF CUSTOMERS
dc.subjectOPERATIONAL EXPENSES
dc.subjectPAYMENT FOR WATER
dc.subjectPERFORMANCE DATA
dc.subjectPERFORMANCE INDICATORS
dc.subjectPHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectPIPE
dc.subjectPIPED WATER
dc.subjectPOOR CONSUMERS
dc.subjectPOOR HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectPRICE INCREASES
dc.subjectPRICE OF WATER
dc.subjectPRICE SIGNALS
dc.subjectPRIVATE OPERATORS
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectPROVISION OF WATER
dc.subjectPUBLIC FOUNTAINS
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH
dc.subjectPUBLIC STANDPIPES
dc.subjectPUBLIC STANDPOSTS
dc.subjectPUBLIC TAPS
dc.subjectQUALITY WATER
dc.subjectQUANTITIES OF WATER
dc.subjectQUANTITY OF WATER
dc.subjectRESIDENTIAL CONSUMERS
dc.subjectRESIDENTIAL CUSTOMERS
dc.subjectRETAIL PRICES
dc.subjectSAFE WATER
dc.subjectSANITATION
dc.subjectSANITATION PROGRAM
dc.subjectSANITATION UTILITIES
dc.subjectSANITATION UTILITY
dc.subjectSERVICE DELIVERY
dc.subjectSERVICE PROVIDER
dc.subjectSERVICE PROVIDERS
dc.subjectSERVICE QUALITY
dc.subjectSEWERAGE
dc.subjectSEWERAGE AUTHORITY
dc.subjectSEWERAGE COMPANY
dc.subjectSEWERAGE CORPORATION
dc.subjectSEWERAGE SERVICES
dc.subjectSMALL TOWNS
dc.subjectSTATE UTILITIES
dc.subjectSUBSIDIES FOR WATER
dc.subjectSUPPLY WATER
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE WATER
dc.subjectTARIFF BLOCK
dc.subjectTARIFF CHANGES
dc.subjectTARIFF DESIGN
dc.subjectTARIFF INCREASE
dc.subjectTARIFF LEVELS
dc.subjectTARIFF POLICY
dc.subjectTARIFF REGIMES
dc.subjectTARIFF STRUCTURE
dc.subjectTARIFF STRUCTURES
dc.subjectTOLL
dc.subjectURBAN WASTEWATER
dc.subjectURBAN WATER
dc.subjectURBAN WATER SUPPLY
dc.subjectURBAN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS
dc.subjectURBANIZATION
dc.subjectUSE OF WATER
dc.subjectUTILITIES
dc.subjectVALUE OF WATER
dc.subjectVOLUME OF WATER
dc.subjectVOLUMES OF WATER
dc.subjectVOLUMETRIC CHARGE
dc.subjectWASTEWATER CHARGES
dc.subjectWASTEWATER SERVICES
dc.subjectWASTEWATER SYSTEMS
dc.subjectWASTEWATER TARIFF
dc.subjectWATER BOARD
dc.subjectWATER CHARGES
dc.subjectWATER COMPANY
dc.subjectWATER CONNECTION
dc.subjectWATER CONSERVATION
dc.subjectWATER CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectWATER DEMAND
dc.subjectWATER INTAKE
dc.subjectWATER MARKET
dc.subjectWATER METERING
dc.subjectWATER POLICY
dc.subjectWATER PRICE
dc.subjectWATER SCARCITY
dc.subjectWATER SERVICE
dc.subjectWATER SERVICES
dc.subjectWATER SHORTAGE
dc.subjectWATER SUPPLIES
dc.subjectWATER SUPPLY
dc.subjectWATER SYSTEMS
dc.subjectWATER TARIFF
dc.subjectWATER TARIFFS
dc.subjectWATER USAGE
dc.subjectWATER USE
dc.subjectWATER USERS
dc.subjectWATER UTILITIES
dc.subjectWATER UTILITY
dc.titleCost Recovery, Equity, and Efficiency in Water Tariffs : Evidence from African Utilitiesen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleCost Recovery, Equity, And Efficiency In Water Tariffs : Evidence From African Utilities
okr.date.disclosure2010-07-28
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T11:44:29.451481Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.docurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100728131236
okr.globalpracticeWater
okr.globalpracticeEnergy and Extractives
okr.guid476671468210593814
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-5384
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20100728131236
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum12593169
okr.identifier.reportWPS5384
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2010/07/28/000158349_20100728131236/Rendered/PDF/WPS5384.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeAfrica
okr.region.administrativeAfrica
okr.region.geographicalAfrica
okr.topicWater Supply and Sanitation::Town Water Supply and Sanitation
okr.topicWater Supply and Sanitation::Urban Water Supply and Sanitation
okr.topicEnergy::Energy Production and Transportation
okr.unitDevelopment Research Group (DECRG)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isAuthorOfPublication4ce1f899-ff9c-5b54-966e-dd0e07496330
relation.isAuthorOfPublication059954cc-a249-5318-9829-61a08ded2637
relation.isAuthorOfPublication145013f5-76a3-5525-874a-d3ab1b1db9c5
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery4ce1f899-ff9c-5b54-966e-dd0e07496330
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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