Publication:
Sectoral Allocation by Gender of Latin American Workers over the Liberalization Period of the 1990s

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dc.contributor.authorCunningham, Wendy V.
dc.date.accessioned2014-08-15T19:45:37Z
dc.date.available2014-08-15T19:45:37Z
dc.date.issued2001-12
dc.description.abstractThe recent restructuring of Latin American economies has renewed interest in the effects of trade liberalization, on labor markets, and on the gender division of labor. The author does not attempt to establish casuality between economic reforms, and the types of jobs that men and women hold. Instead, she provides a detailed description of the trends in male, and female formal, and informal sector participation during the economic reform period in Argentina, Brazil, and Costa Rica. The author first compares the gender composition of the formal, informal wage, and self-employment sectors in a year before reforms (1988 for Argentina, 1989 for Brazil, and Costa Rica), and a year after reforms implementation (1997 for Argentina, 1995 for Brazil and Costa Rica). Although women continued to be more likely than men to work in the informal wage sector, there is no trend of "masculinization" or "feminization" of the informal sector, or any other. Instead, in Argentina men have overtaken women as the most prevalent workers in the informal wage sector, while in Brazil, the opposite has occurred (as men move into self-employment). In Costa Rica there have been no statistical, observable changes. The author then considers the distribution across sectors within each gender group, to identify whether men, and women are more likely to select different sectors in the post-reform period relative to the pre-reform period. Among both men, and women in all three countries (except Brazilian men), workers have become more likely to hold informal wage jobs, and less likely to hold formal sector jobs. Trends in human capital accumulation explain these changes for both men, and women, while changes in gender roles, primarily in homecare and marriage, do not seem to have an effect.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/12/1660279/sectoral-allocation-gender-latin-american-workers-over-liberalization-period-1990s
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-2742
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/19400
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper;No. 2742
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectADULTS
dc.subjectAGED
dc.subjectAGGREGATE DEMAND
dc.subjectCAPITAL GOODS
dc.subjectDEBT
dc.subjectDEMOGRAPHICS
dc.subjectDIVISION OF LABOR
dc.subjectECONOMIC REFORM
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectEXCHANGE RATE
dc.subjectFEMALES
dc.subjectHIGH UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectINDEXATION
dc.subjectINFLATION
dc.subjectINSURANCE
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR LEGISLATION
dc.subjectLABOR MARKETS
dc.subjectLAWS
dc.subjectLEGISLATION
dc.subjectMALES
dc.subjectMARITAL STATUS
dc.subjectMARRIED MEN
dc.subjectMARRIED WOMEN
dc.subjectPARENTS
dc.subjectPRIVATIZATION
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPUBLIC DEBT
dc.subjectPUBLIC SECTOR
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICES
dc.subjectREAL WAGES
dc.subjectSAFETY
dc.subjectTECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT RATES
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectWORK IN PROGRESS
dc.subjectWORKERS
dc.subjectWORKING WOMEN GENDER RESEARCH
dc.subjectSECTORAL ALLOCATION
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectTRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectREFORM IMPLEMENTATION
dc.subjectGENDER DISCREPANCIES
dc.subjectWORKERS REPRESENTATION
dc.subjectDIVISION OF LABOUR
dc.subjectECONOMIC REFORM
dc.subjectFORMAL SECTOR
dc.subjectINFORMAL SECTOR
dc.subjectGENDER ROLES
dc.subjectSELF EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectSTATISTICAL DATA
dc.subjectSECTORAL ASSESSMENT
dc.subjectWAGE SURVEYS
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION
dc.titleSectoral Allocation by Gender of Latin American Workers over the Liberalization Period of the 1990sen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaJobs
okr.crossref.titleSectoral Allocation by Gender of Latin American Workers over the Liberalization Period of the 1990s
okr.date.disclosure2001-12-30
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T10:14:06.888710Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/12/1660279/sectoral-allocation-gender-latin-american-workers-over-liberalization-period-1990s
okr.globalpracticeSocial Protection and Labor
okr.globalpracticeHealth, Nutrition, and Population
okr.guid470091468770368176
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-2742
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000094946_02010904095879
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum1660279
okr.identifier.reportWPS2742
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2002/01/18/000094946_02010904095879/Rendered/PDF/multi0page.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeLatin America & Caribbean
okr.region.countryARGENTINA
okr.region.countryBrazil
okr.region.countryCosta Rica
okr.themeSocial protection and risk management :: Other social protection and risk management
okr.topicPopulation and Development
okr.topicHealth Monitoring and Evaluation
okr.topicBanks and Banking Reform
okr.topicEnvironmental Economics and Policies
okr.topicSocial Protections and Labor::Labor Policies
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Public Health Promotion
okr.topicWork and Working Conditions
okr.unitGender Sector Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region
okr.volume1
relation.isAuthorOfPublication37bc44c3-8af5-5f13-acac-468a089b1e1e
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery37bc44c3-8af5-5f13-acac-468a089b1e1e
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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