Publication:
Financial Sector Assessment : Armenia

Loading...
Thumbnail Image
Files in English
English PDF (1.15 MB)
180 downloads
English Text (41.37 KB)
27 downloads
Published
2001-05-07
ISSN
Date
2013-10-01
Author(s)
Editor(s)
Abstract
The Armenian financial system is quite small, with the assets of the banking system (by far the largest component) accounting for only 15 percent of gross domestic product (GDP). The banking sector has not yet reached the level of consolidation and sophistication of the more advanced transition economies, and intermediation costs are high. The results of the stress tests show that the banking system is significantly exposed to a combination of credit and foreign exchange rate risks, but only moderately exposed to interest rate risks. The legal framework governing the financial sector in Armenia is reasonably sound and comprehensive, but decisions by the Central Bank of Armenia (CBA) to withdraw banking licenses and or to initiate bankruptcy proceedings against banks have been successfully appealed in the courts. The authorities have agreed that the law on joint-stock companies should be replaced as soon as possible, and supplemented by a law on limited liability companies. Many of the Basel core principles are largely complied with, but banking supervision needs to be strengthened to bring it more closely into line with international standards.
Link to Data Set
Citation
World Bank. 2001. Financial Sector Assessment : Armenia. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15953 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.
Associated URLs
Associated content
Report Series
Other publications in this report series
Journal
Journal Volume
Journal Issue

Related items

Showing items related by metadata.

  • Publication
    Financial Sector Assessment Update : Albania
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2014-02) World Bank; International Monetary Fund
    Although the Albanian financial system withstood the shocks of 2008 global crisis relatively well, it continues to operate in highly uncertain macroeconomic environment, which triggers increased vulnerabilities in the system. The decline in profitability, growing non-performing loans (NPLs), substantial level of euroization, continued deleveraging of foreign bank subsidiaries and significant investments in government bonds in the absence of active secondary market are the main challenges that banking system faces. Given strong trade and financial links with euro area, the financial system and real sector in general are increasingly vulnerable to external shocks as well. Since 2007 the Bank of Albania (BoA) has introduced several macro-prudential measures to safeguard financial stability in the country. Higher risk weights and stricter loan-to-value and debt-to-income ratios were placed on banks surpassing twin limits on the rate of credit growth and NPL levels. A second set of macro-prudential policies was put in place in late 2011 to limit contagion risks and international spillovers: (i) foreign bank branches were converted into subsidiaries; (ii) liquidity regulations were tightened; and (iii) the regulation on related-party exposure was enhanced. In addition to that, the risk weights for unhedged borrowers were increased to 150 percent and a limit of such loans was set to 400 percent of capital. Overall, financial reporting legislation in Albania has improved recently and has a high degree of alignment with the acquis communautaire of the European Union (EU).
  • Publication
    Financial Sector Assessment Program : Brazil - IOSCO Objectives and Principles of Securities Regulation
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2013-06) International Monetary Fund; World Bank
    The Comissao de Valores Mobiliarios - Brazil Securities Commission (CVM) has made substantial progress since the 2002 Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP). In 2002 the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) assessment rated 8 principles fully implemented and 22 principles partly implemented. The 2012 assessment rates 26 principles fully implemented, 5 broadly implemented, and 6 partly implemented. Principle 38 is not rated, as a separate Report on Observance and Codes (ROSC) on systemically important payment systems was conducted as part of this FSAP update. The detailed assessment highlights significant improvements in the risk-based inspection program, adoption of an innovative issuer disclosure system, a stronger enforcement program and the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Long-standing issues on corporate governance and the protection of minority shareholders continue to be challenges. Finally, recommendations to improve prudential regulation of Collective Investment Schemes (CIS) are discussed.
  • Publication
    FYR Macedonia : Financial Sector Assessment
    (Washington, DC, 2008-11) World Bank
    This Financial Sector Assessment (FSA) provides a summary of the main findings and recommendations of the joint International Monetary Fund (IMF)-World Bank Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) update team that visited Macedonia from March 26 to April 8, 2008. The principal objective of the FSAP update was to assist the authorities in evaluating development progress and future challenges and assessing the potential vulnerabilities of the financial system in Macedonia. In addition to the aide memoire summarizing the key findings, six technical notes (TN) were prepared, including an update of compliance with the Basel core principles for banking supervision and TNs on stress testing, the financial safety net, securities markets, the insurance sector, and the pension sector.
  • Publication
    Financial Sector Assessment Program Update : Egypt
    (Washington, DC, 2007-12) World Bank
    A joint team from the International Monetary Fund's (IMF's) Monetary and Financial Systems Department (MFD) and the World Bank visited Egypt between May 6 and May 21, 2007 to update the assessment of the Egyptian Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) that had been conducted in June 2002 and completed in September 2002. The work under the FSAP update aimed to assess progress in reforming the financial sector and strengthening financial sector regulation since 2002, and identify measures that will contribute to the consolidation of the financial sector reform and the further development of the financial sector over the next five years.
  • Publication
    Bulgaria : Accounting and Auditing
    (Washington, DC, 2008-12) World Bank
    This report provides an assessment of accounting, financial reporting, and auditing requirements and practices within the enterprise and financial sectors in Bulgaria. The accounting profession is fragmented. There are four different professional associations in the country with the result being low institutional capacity. Furthermore, there is no quality assurance, investigation and discipline process on the work of accountants and financial statement preparers. The auditing profession is better organized with one association mandated by law to manage access to the profession, training, the code of ethics and quality control. Professional education and training on international standards of accounting and auditing requires much improvement for students, accountants, auditors and tax inspectors. This improvement is needed at each of the universities, the professional bodies and the government.

Users also downloaded

Showing related downloaded files

  • Publication
    Europe and Central Asia Economic Update, Spring 2025: Accelerating Growth through Entrepreneurship, Technology Adoption, and Innovation
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-04-23) Belacin, Matias; Iacovone, Leonardo; Izvorski, Ivailo; Kasyanenko, Sergiy
    Business dynamism and economic growth in Europe and Central Asia have weakened since the late 2000s, with productivity growth driven largely by resource reallocation between firms and sectors rather than innovation. To move up the value chain, countries need to facilitate technology adoption, stronger domestic competition, and firm-level innovation to build a more dynamic private sector. Governments should move beyond broad support for small- and medium-sized enterprises and focus on enabling the most productive firms to expand and compete globally. Strengthening competition policies, reducing the presence of state-owned enterprises, and ensuring fair market access are crucial. Limited availability of long-term financing and risk capital hinders firm growth and innovation. Economic disruptions are a shock in the short term, but they provide an opportunity for implementing enterprise and structural reforms, all of which are essential for creating better-paying jobs and helping countries in the region to achieve high-income status.
  • Publication
    Morocco Economic Update, Winter 2025
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-04-03) World Bank
    Despite the drought causing a modest deceleration of overall GDP growth to 3.2 percent, the Moroccan economy has exhibited some encouraging trends in 2024. Non-agricultural growth has accelerated to an estimated 3.8 percent, driven by a revitalized industrial sector and a rebound in gross capital formation. Inflation has dropped below 1 percent, allowing Bank al-Maghrib to begin easing its monetary policy. While rural labor markets remain depressed, the economy has added close to 162,000 jobs in urban areas. Morocco’s external position remains strong overall, with a moderate current account deficit largely financed by growing foreign direct investment inflows, underpinned by solid investor confidence indicators. Despite significant spending pressures, the debt-to-GDP ratio is slowly declining.
  • Publication
    Digital Africa
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2023-03-13) Begazo, Tania; Dutz, Mark Andrew; Blimpo, Moussa
    All African countries need better and more jobs for their growing populations. "Digital Africa: Technological Transformation for Jobs" shows that broader use of productivity-enhancing, digital technologies by enterprises and households is imperative to generate such jobs, including for lower-skilled people. At the same time, it can support not only countries’ short-term objective of postpandemic economic recovery but also their vision of economic transformation with more inclusive growth. These outcomes are not automatic, however. Mobile internet availability has increased throughout the continent in recent years, but Africa’s uptake gap is the highest in the world. Areas with at least 3G mobile internet service now cover 84 percent of Africa’s population, but only 22 percent uses such services. And the average African business lags in the use of smartphones and computers as well as more sophisticated digital technologies that catalyze further productivity gains. Two issues explain the usage gap: affordability of these new technologies and willingness to use them. For the 40 percent of Africans below the extreme poverty line, mobile data plans alone would cost one-third of their incomes—in addition to the price of access devices, apps, and electricity. Data plans for small- and medium-size businesses are also more expensive than in other regions. Moreover, shortcomings in the quality of internet services—and in the supply of attractive, skills-appropriate apps that promote entrepreneurship and raise earnings—dampen people’s willingness to use them. For those countries already using these technologies, the development payoffs are significant. New empirical studies for this report add to the rapidly growing evidence that mobile internet availability directly raises enterprise productivity, increases jobs, and reduces poverty throughout Africa. To realize these and other benefits more widely, Africa’s countries must implement complementary and mutually reinforcing policies to strengthen both consumers’ ability to pay and willingness to use digital technologies. These interventions must prioritize productive use to generate large numbers of inclusive jobs in a region poised to benefit from a massive, youthful workforce—one projected to become the world’s largest by the end of this century.
  • Publication
    Classroom Assessment to Support Foundational Literacy
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-03-21) Luna-Bazaldua, Diego; Levin, Victoria; Liberman, Julia; Gala, Priyal Mukesh
    This document focuses primarily on how classroom assessment activities can measure students’ literacy skills as they progress along a learning trajectory towards reading fluently and with comprehension by the end of primary school grades. The document addresses considerations regarding the design and implementation of early grade reading classroom assessment, provides examples of assessment activities from a variety of countries and contexts, and discusses the importance of incorporating classroom assessment practices into teacher training and professional development opportunities for teachers. The structure of the document is as follows. The first section presents definitions and addresses basic questions on classroom assessment. Section 2 covers the intersection between assessment and early grade reading by discussing how learning assessment can measure early grade reading skills following the reading learning trajectory. Section 3 compares some of the most common early grade literacy assessment tools with respect to the early grade reading skills and developmental phases. Section 4 of the document addresses teacher training considerations in developing, scoring, and using early grade reading assessment. Additional issues in assessing reading skills in the classroom and using assessment results to improve teaching and learning are reviewed in section 5. Throughout the document, country cases are presented to demonstrate how assessment activities can be implemented in the classroom in different contexts.
  • Publication
    Argentina Country Climate and Development Report
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2022-11) World Bank Group
    The Argentina Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) explores opportunities and identifies trade-offs for aligning Argentina’s growth and poverty reduction policies with its commitments on, and its ability to withstand, climate change. It assesses how the country can: reduce its vulnerability to climate shocks through targeted public and private investments and adequation of social protection. The report also shows how Argentina can seize the benefits of a global decarbonization path to sustain a more robust economic growth through further development of Argentina’s potential for renewable energy, energy efficiency actions, the lithium value chain, as well as climate-smart agriculture (and land use) options. Given Argentina’s context, this CCDR focuses on win-win policies and investments, which have large co-benefits or can contribute to raising the country’s growth while helping to adapt the economy, also considering how human capital actions can accompany a just transition.