Publication:
Services Liberalization in Preferential Trade Arrangements : The Case of Kenya

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dc.contributor.authorBalistreri, Edward J.
dc.contributor.authorTarr, David G.
dc.date.accessioned2012-03-19T18:00:18Z
dc.date.available2012-03-19T18:00:18Z
dc.date.issued2011-01-01
dc.description.abstractGiven the growing importance of commitments to foreign investors in services in regional trade agreements, it is important to develop applied general equilibrium models to assess the impacts of liberalization of barriers to multinational service providers. This paper develops a 55 sector applied general equilibrium model of Kenya with foreign direct investment and Dixit-Stiglitz productivity effects from additional varieties of imperfectly competitive goods or services, and uses the model to assess its regional and multilateral trade options, focusing on commitments to foreign investors in services. To assess the sensitivity of the results to parameter values, the model is executed 30,000 times, and results are reported as confidence intervals of the sample distributions. The analysis reveals that a 50 percent preferential reduction in the ad valorem equivalents of barriers in all business services by Kenya with its African partners would be somewhat beneficial for Kenya. If a preferential agreement with African partners is combined with an agreement with the European Union, the gains would more than triple the gains of an Africa only agreement. Multilateral reduction of services barriers, however, would yield gains about 12 times the gains of an agreement with the Africa region alone. These results suggest that preferential liberalization in the region is a valuable first step, but wider liberalization, with larger partners and liberal rules of origin or multilaterally, will yield much larger gains due to providing access to a much wider set of services providers. The largest gains would come from domestic regulatory reform in services, as this would almost triple the gains of multilateral liberalization.en
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110131090808
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-5552
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/3322
dc.languageEnglish
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5552
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectACCOUNTING
dc.subjectADVANCED COUNTRIES
dc.subjectAGGREGATE EXPORTS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectAIR
dc.subjectAVERAGE TARIFF
dc.subjectBANK OFFICE
dc.subjectBANKING SERVICES
dc.subjectBASE YEAR
dc.subjectBILATERAL FREE TRADE AGREEMENT
dc.subjectCAPITAL STOCK
dc.subjectCENTRAL ELASTICITIES
dc.subjectCENTRAL ELASTICITY
dc.subjectCOLLATERAL
dc.subjectCOLLATERAL REQUIREMENTS
dc.subjectCOMMON MARKET
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVENESS
dc.subjectCONFIDENCE
dc.subjectCONSTANT ELASTICITY OF TRANSFORMATION
dc.subjectCONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE
dc.subjectCOST STRUCTURE
dc.subjectCOST STRUCTURES
dc.subjectCOUNTRY OF ORIGIN
dc.subjectCREDIT RATING
dc.subjectCUSTOMS UNION
dc.subjectDEBT
dc.subjectDEMAND CURVE
dc.subjectDEMAND CURVES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRY
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT INTENSITY
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subjectDOMESTIC MARKET
dc.subjectDOMESTIC PRODUCTION
dc.subjectDUOPOLY
dc.subjectECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY
dc.subjectECONOMIC INTEGRATION
dc.subjectECONOMIC REFORM
dc.subjectECONOMIC RESEARCH
dc.subjectECONOMIC THEORY
dc.subjectECONOMICS LITERATURE
dc.subjectECONOMIES OF SCALE
dc.subjectELASTICITIES
dc.subjectELASTICITY
dc.subjectELASTICITY OF DEMAND
dc.subjectELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION
dc.subjectELASTICITY OF SUPPLY
dc.subjectELASTICITY VALUES
dc.subjectEQUILIBRIUM
dc.subjectEXCHANGE RATE
dc.subjectEXPORT MARKET
dc.subjectEXPORT MARKETS
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectEXTERNALITIES
dc.subjectEXTERNALITY
dc.subjectFACTORS OF PRODUCTION
dc.subjectFEDERAL RESERVE
dc.subjectFEDERAL RESERVE BANK
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SECTOR
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SERVICES
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectFIRM PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectFOREIGN BANKS
dc.subjectFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFOREIGN FIRMS
dc.subjectFOREIGN GOODS
dc.subjectFOREIGN INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFOREIGN INVESTORS
dc.subjectFREE ACCESS
dc.subjectFREE TRADE
dc.subjectFREE TRADE AGREEMENT
dc.subjectFREE TRADE AGREEMENTS
dc.subjectFREIGHT
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS
dc.subjectGENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL
dc.subjectGLOBALIZATION
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT REGULATION
dc.subjectHOME COUNTRY
dc.subjectIMPERFECT COMPETITION
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCREASING RETURNS
dc.subjectINCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE
dc.subjectINITIATIVE
dc.subjectINSURANCE
dc.subjectINSURANCE MARKET
dc.subjectINTERMEDIATE GOODS
dc.subjectINTERMEDIATE INPUTS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL NEGOTIATIONS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectINVESTMENT BARRIERS
dc.subjectLAWS
dc.subjectLAWYERS
dc.subjectLEGAL SYSTEM
dc.subjectLESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
dc.subjectMARGINAL COST
dc.subjectMARGINAL COSTS
dc.subjectMARGINAL REVENUE
dc.subjectMARKET ACCESS
dc.subjectMARKET SHARE
dc.subjectMARKET SHARES
dc.subjectMOBILE BANKING
dc.subjectMONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION
dc.subjectMONOPOLY
dc.subjectMONOPOLY RENTS
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL TRADE
dc.subjectMULTINATIONAL
dc.subjectMULTINATIONAL FIRMS
dc.subjectMULTINATIONALS
dc.subjectMUTUAL RECOGNITION
dc.subjectNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectNONDISCRIMINATORY BARRIERS
dc.subjectOPEN ECONOMIES
dc.subjectOPEN ECONOMY
dc.subjectOPENNESS
dc.subjectOPTIMAL TARIFFS
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL AGREEMENT
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL AGREEMENTS
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL REDUCTION
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL TRADE
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL TRADE ARRANGEMENTS
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectPRICE INDEX
dc.subjectPRIMARY FACTORS
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectPRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION
dc.subjectPRODUCTION FUNCTION
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY INCREASES
dc.subjectPUBLIC POLICY
dc.subjectRAIL
dc.subjectRAILWAY
dc.subjectRAILWAYS
dc.subjectREAL ESTATE
dc.subjectREAL EXCHANGE RATE
dc.subjectREDUCTION OF BARRIERS
dc.subjectREFORM PROGRAM
dc.subjectREGIONAL INTEGRATION
dc.subjectREGIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectREGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS
dc.subjectREGULATOR
dc.subjectREGULATORY BARRIERS
dc.subjectREGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
dc.subjectREGULATORY REGIME
dc.subjectREGULATORY REGIMES
dc.subjectREINSURANCE
dc.subjectROAD
dc.subjectRULES OF ORIGIN
dc.subjectSINGLE MARKET
dc.subjectSMALL COUNTRIES
dc.subjectSMALL ENTERPRISES
dc.subjectSUPPLY CURVE
dc.subjectSUPPLY CURVES
dc.subjectTARIFF DATA
dc.subjectTARIFF EQUIVALENCE
dc.subjectTARIFF EQUIVALENTS
dc.subjectTARIFF PREFERENCES
dc.subjectTARIFF RATE
dc.subjectTARIFF RATES
dc.subjectTARIFF REDUCTION
dc.subjectTARIFF REVENUE
dc.subjectTAX
dc.subjectTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
dc.subjectTELECOMMUNICATIONS
dc.subjectTERMS OF TRADE
dc.subjectTERMS OF TRADE EFFECTS
dc.subjectTHIRD WORLD
dc.subjectTOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectTRADE DATA
dc.subjectTRADE DIVERSION
dc.subjectTRADE FLOWS
dc.subjectTRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectTRADE LOSSES
dc.subjectTRADE PARTNERS
dc.subjectTRADE POLICIES
dc.subjectTRADE POLICY
dc.subjectTRANSITION ECONOMIES
dc.subjectTRANSMISSION OF KNOWLEDGE
dc.subjectTRANSPORT
dc.subjectTRANSPORT SERVICES
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION COSTS
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION FACILITIES
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION NETWORK
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION SERVICES
dc.subjectTRUE
dc.subjectUNILATERAL LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectUNILATERAL REFORM
dc.subjectUNSKILLED LABOR
dc.subjectURUGUAY ROUND
dc.subjectVALUE OF IMPORTS
dc.subjectVALUE OF OUTPUT
dc.subjectVARIABLE COSTS
dc.subjectVEHICLE
dc.subjectWEALTH
dc.subjectWEALTH CREATION
dc.subjectWELFARE ECONOMICS
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectWTO
dc.subjectZERO PROFITS
dc.subjectZERO TARIFFS
dc.titleServices Liberalization in Preferential Trade Arrangements : The Case of Kenyaen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleServices liberalization in preferential trade arrangements: The case of Kenya
okr.date.disclosure2011-01-01
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T11:33:35.269755Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.docurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110131090808
okr.globalpracticeTransport and ICT
okr.guid240071468044992044
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-5552
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20110131090808
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum13708832
okr.identifier.reportWPS5552
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2011/01/31/000158349_20110131090808/Rendered/PDF/WPS5552.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeAfrica
okr.region.countryKenya
okr.region.geographicalSub-Saharan Africa
okr.region.geographicalEast Africa
okr.sectorIndustry and trade :: Other domestic and international trade
okr.topicTransport
okr.unitDevelopment Research Group (DECRG)
okr.unitDECRG: Trade & Intl. Integration (DECTI)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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