Publication:
Small and Medium Enterprises, Growth, and Poverty : Cross-Country Evidence

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dc.contributor.authorLevine, Ross
dc.contributor.authorBeck, Thorsten
dc.contributor.authorDemirgüç-Kunt, Asli
dc.date.accessioned2014-04-10T20:53:36Z
dc.date.available2014-04-10T20:53:36Z
dc.date.issued2003-12
dc.description.abstractThe authors explore the relationship between the relative size of the small and medium enterprise (SME) sector, economic growth, and poverty using a new database on the share of SME labor in the total manufacturing labor force. Using a sample of 76 countries, they find a strong association between the importance of SMEs and GDP per capita growth. This relationship, however, is not robust to controlling for simultaneity bias. So, while a large SME sector is characteristic of successful economies, the data fail to support the hypothesis that SMEs exert a causal impact on growth. Furthermore, the authors find no evidence that SMEs reduce poverty. Finally, they find qualified evidence that the overall business environment facing both large and small firms-as measured by the ease of firm entry and exit, sound property rights, and contract enforcement-influences economic growth.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/12/2862536/small-medium-enterprises-growth-poverty-cross-country-evidence
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-3178
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/17742
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper;No. 3178
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectSMALL & MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES
dc.subjectMANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subjectBUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
dc.subjectPROPERTY RIGHTS
dc.subjectCONTRACT ENFORCEMENT ACCOUNTABILITY
dc.subjectAGGREGATE INDEXES
dc.subjectAGGREGATE INDICATOR
dc.subjectANNUAL GROWTH
dc.subjectANNUAL GROWTH RATE
dc.subjectAVERAGE GROWTH
dc.subjectAVERAGE GROWTH RATE
dc.subjectBLACK MARKET
dc.subjectBLACK MARKET EXCHANGE RATE
dc.subjectBLACK MARKET EXCHANGE RATE PREMIUM
dc.subjectBLACK MARKET PREMIUM
dc.subjectBUSINESS CLIMATE
dc.subjectBUSINESS CYCLE
dc.subjectBUSINESS CYCLE PHENOMENA
dc.subjectBUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
dc.subjectBUSINESS ENVIRONMENT INDEX
dc.subjectBUSINESS ENVIRONMENT INDICATORS
dc.subjectBUSINESS ENVIRONMENT INFLUENCE
dc.subjectBUSINESS ENVIRONMENT VIEW
dc.subjectBUSINESS TRANSACTIONS
dc.subjectCAUSAL IMPACT
dc.subjectCIVIL LAW
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL CONTRACTING
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL EXPERIENCE
dc.subjectCOMMON LAW
dc.subjectCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVENESS ENVIRONMENT
dc.subjectCONTRACT ENFORCEMENT
dc.subjectCORPORATE FINANCE
dc.subjectCORRUPTION
dc.subjectCOST OF CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT
dc.subjectCOST OF CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT MEASURES
dc.subjectCOUNTRY CHARACTERISTICS
dc.subjectCOUNTRY DATA
dc.subjectCOUNTRY REGRESSIONS
dc.subjectCREDIT MARKETS
dc.subjectCRIME
dc.subjectCRISES
dc.subjectCROSS- COUNTRY ANALYSIS
dc.subjectDEPENDENT VARIABLE
dc.subjectDESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
dc.subjectDEVELOPED COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRY
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subjectEMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
dc.subjectEMPIRICAL RESULTS
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectENFORCEABILITY
dc.subjectENTREPRENEURSHIP
dc.subjectENTRY BARRIERS
dc.subjectERROR TERM
dc.subjectEXIT BARRIERS
dc.subjectEXPANSION
dc.subjectEXPORT TRADERS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY CREDIT
dc.subjectFINANCIAL MARKET
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SECTOR
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectFIRM SIZE
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT BUREAUCRACY
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT POLICIES
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT SUBSIDIZATION
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT SUPPORT
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT-BUSINESS COORDINATION
dc.subjectGROWTH DETERMINANTS
dc.subjectGROWTH RATE
dc.subjectGROWTH RATES
dc.subjectGROWTH REGRESSIONS
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SURVEYS
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL ACCUMULATION
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME GROWTH
dc.subjectINCOME QUINTILE
dc.subjectINCREASE GROWTH
dc.subjectINDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL COMPOSITION
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION LITERATURE
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION THEORIES
dc.subjectINDUSTRY-LEVEL STUDIES
dc.subjectINFLATION RATE
dc.subjectINFORMAL ACTIVITY
dc.subjectINFORMAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectINFORMAL ENTERPRISES
dc.subjectINFORMAL ENTREPRENEURS
dc.subjectINFORMAL LABOR FORCE
dc.subjectINFORMAL SECTOR
dc.subjectINFORMAL SOURCES OF FINANCE
dc.subjectINSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL AID
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectJOB CREATION
dc.subjectLABOR ABUNDANCE
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR INTENSITY
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLARGE ENTERPRISES
dc.subjectLEGAL ORIGIN
dc.subjectLEGAL SYSTEMS
dc.subjectLONG-RUN GROWTH
dc.subjectMARKET STRUCTURE
dc.subjectMARKET TRANSACTION
dc.subjectMARKET TRANSACTION COSTS
dc.subjectMARKET TRANSACTIONS COSTS
dc.subjectMARKET VALUE OF OUTPUT
dc.subjectMEDIUM SIZE ENTERPRISES
dc.subjectMEDIUM- SIZE
dc.subjectNATIONAL POLICIES
dc.subjectNATIONAL POVERTY LINE
dc.subject0 HYPOTHESIS
dc.subjectORGANIZED CRIME
dc.subjectPATENT PROTECTION
dc.subjectPER CAPITA INCOME
dc.subjectPOLICY IMPLICATIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOLICY VARIABLES
dc.subjectPOLITICAL STABILITY
dc.subjectPOLITICAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectPOLITICAL SYSTEM
dc.subjectPOVERTY ALLEVIATION
dc.subjectPOVERTY ALLEVIATION TOOL
dc.subjectPOVERTY GAP
dc.subjectPOVERTY INDICATORS
dc.subjectPOVERTY LINE
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTIONS
dc.subjectPOVERTY REGRESSIONS
dc.subjectPRIVATE COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS
dc.subjectPRIVATE PROPERTY
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR TRANSACTIONS
dc.subjectPRODUCTION FUNCTION
dc.subjectPRODUCTION OF GOODS
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY PER CAPITA GROWTH
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY STUDIES
dc.subjectPROPERTY RIGHTS
dc.subjectREGULATORY ENFORCEMENT
dc.subjectRELATIVE IMPORTANCE
dc.subjectRULE OF LAW
dc.subjectSIGNIFICANT CORRELATION
dc.subjectSIZE OF FIRMS
dc.subjectSMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISE
dc.subjectSMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
dc.subjectSMALL FIRMS
dc.subjectSMALL MANUFACTURERS
dc.subjectSME
dc.subjectSME CLUSTERS
dc.subjectSME DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectSME EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectSME POLICIES
dc.subjectSME POLICY
dc.subjectSME SECTOR
dc.subjectSME SUPPORT PROGRAMS
dc.subjectSMES
dc.subjectSOUND BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
dc.subjectSOUND CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT
dc.subjectTAXATION
dc.subjectTECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
dc.subjectTRANSITION ECONOMIES
dc.titleSmall and Medium Enterprises, Growth, and Poverty : Cross-Country Evidenceen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaJobs
okr.crossref.titleSmall and Medium Enterprises, Growth, and Poverty: Cross-Country Evidence
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T10:29:04.152281Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/12/2862536/small-medium-enterprises-growth-poverty-cross-country-evidence
okr.globalpracticeTransport and ICT
okr.globalpracticePoverty
okr.globalpracticeFinance and Markets
okr.globalpracticeGovernance
okr.globalpracticeTrade and Competitiveness
okr.guid558581468779354920
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-3178
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000160016_20040121175349
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum2862536
okr.identifier.reportWPS3178
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2004/01/21/000160016_20040121175349/Rendered/PDF/WPS3178.pdfen
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Achieving Shared Growth
okr.topicPrivate Sector Development::Small and Medium Size Enterprises
okr.topicFinance and Financial Sector Development::Microfinance
okr.topicEconomic Theory and Research
okr.topicEnvironmental Economics and Policies
okr.topicSmall Scale Enterprise
okr.topicGovernance::Governance Indicators
okr.topicInfrastructure Economics and Finance::Private Participation in Infrastructure
okr.unitOff of Sr VP Dev Econ/Chief Econ (DECVP)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isAuthorOfPublication4694cd5a-bd90-594b-abe2-f5b681139e6d
relation.isAuthorOfPublication234a20c0-893c-561a-8c90-6f5be5be5b9b
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery234a20c0-893c-561a-8c90-6f5be5be5b9b
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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